Apache安装、配置、优化(1)(2)

文章由LinuxBoy分享于2019-03-26 03:03:06热评（493）

关于超时的问题

在我编写好所有的产品查看页面的时候，经常会出现因为超时，或者流量过大 ,apache 停止工作的问题，原因有二，一是代码的不科学性，二是 apache 的设置问题。

以下是对设置的一点改动：

代码:

# KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections(more than
# one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.

# KeepAlive Off

# MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow
# during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.
# We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.

# MaxKeepAliveRequests 0

# KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request
# from the same client on the same connection.

# KeepAliveTimeout 0

• 记录访问者的 HTTP-REFERER 和 AGENT, 有助于统计来者是通过什么搜索引擎找到我们的网站的。或者在原有的CustomLog行，将参数由 common 改成 combined

代码:

# If you would like to have agent and referer logfiles,
# uncomment the following directives.
CustomLog logs/referer_log referer　
CustomLog logs/agent_log agent　
CustomLog logs/www.domain.com-access_log combined

使用 mod_limitipconn.c 来限制 apache 的并发数

Package: http://dominia.org/djao/limit/这里的安装建议使用动态 DSO 并 patch apache2.0, 以使得 apache2.0 可以认识在代理后方的 IP 。但是要重新编译 apache2.0, 以下是介绍。

代码:

##Instructions for building DSO with proxy tracking:
# tar xzvf httpd-2.0.39.tar.gz
# tar xzvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz
# cd httpd-2.0.39
# patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff
# ./buildconf
# ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward
# make
# make install
# cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22
# PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH
# make install

安装过程

# lynx http://dominia.org/djao/limit/mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz
# cd httpd-2.0.48
# patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff
patching file configure.in
Hunk #1 succeeded at 373 (offset 55 lines).
patching file include/scoreboard.h
patching file modules/generators/mod_status.c
Hunk #1 succeeded at 746 (offset -1 lines).
patching file server/scoreboard.c
# ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward
# make
# make install
# cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22
# PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH
# make install
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Libraries have been installed in:
/usr/local/apache2/modules
If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries
in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and
specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'
flag during linking and do at least one of the following:
- add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment　variable
during execution
- add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable
during linking
- use the `-Wl,--rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag
- have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'
See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
chmod 755 /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_limitipconn.so
[activating module `limitipconn' in /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf]　

检查 httpd.conf 文件，发现增加了一下一行

代码:

LoadModule limitipconn_module modules/mod_limitipconn.so　

同时需要设置以下参数在 httpd.conf 中 , 也可以在单个虚拟服务器中。

代码:

ExtendedStatus On
# Only needed if the module is compiled as a DSO
LoadModule limitipconn_module lib/apache/mod_limitipconn.so

MaxConnPerIP 3
# exempting images from the connection limit is often　a good
# idea if your web page has lots of inline images, since these
# pages often generate a flurry of concurrent image requests
# NoIPLimit image/*
# In this case, all MIME types other than audio/mpeg and video*
# are exempt from the limit check
# OnlyIPLimit audio/mpeg video

注意： LoadModule limitipconn_module modules/mod_limitipconn.so 必须放在虚拟服务器之前！否则不能启动。

定制 Apache index 目录

在 Apache 中设置目录有 Options Indexes 属性的时候，可以索引文件夹内容，但是如果要定制显示的内容，就必须添加以下几行到各个服务器的设置中去。可以是全局，也可以是虚拟服务器或者目录） MODULE: mod_autoindex

代码:

ReadmeName /README.shtml
HeaderName /HEADER.shtml
IndexOptions +SuppressHTMLPreamble FancyIndexing VersionSort FoldersFirst NameWidth=* (Optoional)　

但是，我在按照步骤，添加以上设置、设置文件夹可被索引属性、制作页首和页尾上传后，仍旧发现不能显示。最终发现，由于我安装了 PHP, 为了使得 PHP 代码可以被嵌入 .html 和 .htm 文档中，我将 httpd.conf 中的一条属性设置为：

代码:

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .html .htm

这使得 apache 不能识别原本设置的 README.html 和 HEADER.html,以下这点是从apache 的文档中找到类似的解说.

参考:

代码:

Filename must resolve to a document with a major content
type of text/* ( e.g. , text/html , text/plain , etc.). This
means that filename may refer to a CGI script if the script's actual
file type (as opposed to its output) is marked as text/html such
as with a directive like:
AddType text/html .cgi
Content negotiation will be performed if Options MultiViews
is in effect. If filename resolves to a static text/html document
(not a CGI script) and either one of the options Includes
or IncludesNOEXEC is enabled, the file will be processed for
server-side includes (see the mod_include documentation).　

我将上述 PHP 的 Type 的最终 .html 和 .htm 去掉以后，就可以正常显示了。于是想办法新添加一个种后缀名为 README 和 HEADER 专用：

代码:

AddType text/html .shtml

然后修改 README.html 和 HEADER.html 为 README.shtml 和 HEADER.shtml 即可。

要注意的是，因为我要列出的目录都为 open source, 所以有很多名字为“ README ”的文件。因此，要将其中的一条配置做小小的修改。就是隐藏某些文件的配置）

代码:

IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER.* README.* RCS CVS　*,v *,t

Apache安装、配置、优化(1)(2)

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