Linux RPM和YUM包管理完全指南(1)(4)
升级 RPM 包
既然已经了解了如何安装和删除 RPM，我们来看看如何把 RPM 包升级到更高级别。可以使用 yum update 更新整个系统，还可以指定单一包或通配符。清单 8 说明如何更新所有名称以 “gr” 开头的包。注意，这里使用撇号防止 shell 展开 “*”。
清单 8. 使用 yum update 执行更新
[root@echidna ~]# yum update 'gr*' Loaded plugins: presto, refresh-packagekit Setting up Update Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package grep.x86_64 0:2.6.3-1.fc12 set to be updated ---> Package groff.x86_64 0:1.18.1.4-20.fc12 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ===================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ===================================================================================== Updating: grep x86_64 2.6.3-1.fc12 updates 228 k groff x86_64 1.18.1.4-20.fc12 updates 1.5 M Transaction Summary ===================================================================================== Install 0 Package(s) Upgrade 2 Package(s) Total download size: 1.7 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Setting up and reading Presto delta metadata Processing delta metadata Download delta size: 854 k http://fedora.fastsoft.net/pub/linux/fedora/linux/updates/12/x86_64/drpms/grep-2.5.3- 6.fc12_2.6.3-1.fc12.x86_64.drpm: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 : http://fedora.fastsoft.n et/pub/linux/fedora/linux/updates/12/x86_64/drpms/grep-2.5.3-6.fc12_2.6.3-1.fc12.x86_ 64.drpm Trying other mirror. (1/2): grep-2.5.3-6.fc12_2.6.3-1.fc12.x86_64.drpm | 214 kB 00:00 (2/2): groff-1.18.1.4-18.fc12_1.18.1.4-20.fc12.x86_64.drpm | 640 kB 00:00 Finishing rebuild of rpms, from deltarpms <delta rebuild> | 1.7 MB 00:02 Presto reduced the update size by 52% (from 1.7 M to 854 k). Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Updating : grep-2.6.3-1.fc12.x86_64 1/4 Updating : groff-1.18.1.4-20.fc12.x86_64 2/4 Cleanup : grep-2.5.3-6.fc12.x86_64 3/4 Cleanup : groff-1.18.1.4-18.fc12.x86_64 4/4 Updated: grep.x86_64 0:2.6.3-1.fc12 groff.x86_64 0:1.18.1.4-20.fc12 Complete! |
如果知道 RPM 文件的位置，或者已经下载了它们，那么也可以使用 rpm 命令执行更新。这与安装相似，只是要使用 -U 或 -F 选项而不是 -i 选项。这两个选项的差异是， -U 选项更新现有的包，如果这个包还没有安装，就安装它；而 -F 选项只升级或刷新 已经安装的包。因此，经常使用 -U 选项，尤其是在命令行包含 RPM 列表的情况下。这样的话，就会安装未安装的包，升级已经安装的包。常常使用另外两个选项 -v详细）和 -h# 标志）提供进度显示。清单 9 说明如何使用 rpm 命令更新 vim-common、vim-enhanced 和 vim-minimal 包。我们已经把 vim-common 和 vim-enhanced 包下载到根用户的主目录中，而 vim-minimal 包要从一个更新镜像获取。
清单 9. 用 rpm 更新包
[root@echidna ~]# ls *.rpm vim-common-7.2.411-1.fc12.x86_64.rpm vim-enhanced-7.2.411-1.fc12.x86_64.rpm [root@echidna ~]# rpm -Uvh *.rpm http://mirrors.usc.edu/pub/linux/distributions\ > /fedora/linux/updates/12/x86_64/vim-minimal-7.2.411-1.fc12.x86_64.rpm Retrieving http://mirrors.usc.edu/pub/linux/distributions/fedora/linux/updates/12/x86 _64/vim-minimal-7.2.411-1.fc12.x86_64.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:vim-common ########################################### [ 33%] 2:vim-enhanced ########################################### [ 67%] 3:vim-minimal ########################################### [100%] |
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