Keepalived+Tengine实现高可用集群，keepalivedtengine
Keepalived+Tengine实现高可用集群，keepalivedtengine
概述
近年来随着Nginx在国内的发展潮流，越来越多的互联网公司使用Nginx；凭Nginx的高性能、稳定性等成为了众多IT者青睐的WEB反向代理服务器；但是Nginx虽然有很强大的代理功能，只有一台Nginx服务器难免不会出现问题，这就形成了单点故障的问题，而恰好可以使用Keepalived来解决单点的故障问题，Keepalived故障转移时间比较短，而且配置简单易用，这也是选择Keepalived做高可用的一个主要原因所在，如果日PV值不是很大的中小型企业可以考虑使用这种方案
Tengine
Tengine是由淘宝网发起的Web服务器项目。它在Nginx的基础上，针对大访问量网站的需求，添加了很多高级功能和特性。Tengine的性能和稳定性已经在大型的网站如淘宝、天猫商城等得到了很好的检验。它的最终目标是打造一个高效、稳定、安全、易用的Web平台
Tengine特性：
1、继承Nginx-1.2.9的所有特性，100%兼容Nginx的配置
2、动态模块加载（DSO）支持。加入一个模块不再需要重新编译整个Tengine
3、更加强大的负载均衡能力，包括一致性hash模块、会话保持模块，还可以对后端的服务器进行主动健康4、检查，根据服务器状态自动上线下线
5、输入过滤器机制支持。通过使用这种机制Web应用防火墙的编写更为方便
6、组合多个CSS、JavaScript文件的访问请求变成一个请求
7、自动根据CPU数目设置进程个数和绑定CPU亲缘性
8、监控系统的负载和资源占用从而对系统进行保护
9、更强大的防攻击（访问速度限制）模块
10、动态脚本语言Lua支持。扩展功能非常高效简单
......
一、Nginx+Keepalived有两种配置高可用方法
1、Nginx+Keepalived主备模式
使用一个虚拟IP地址即可，前端有两台Nginx服务器做调度，其中一台为主节点而另一台有备用节点，两台服务器只有一台提供服务，而另一台处于闲置的状态，只有主节点服务器出现故障时备用节点服务器才会接管主节点服务器上的所有服务及虚拟IP并继续提供服务，而这一切对客户端来说是透明的
2、Nginx+Keepalived主主模式
这种模式需要使用两个虚拟IP地址，前端有两台Nginx服务器做调度，两台服务器互为主备并同时工作，如果其中一台服务器出现故障时，将会把所有请求都转发到另一台服务器上面，这种做是不是很经济实惠，两台服务器同时提供服务，相比主备模式不仅分担了一台服务器的压力还提高了并发量
二、下面以一个案例来配置说明Keepalived+Nginx是如何实现高可用
环境介绍：
系统版本：CentOS 6_x86_64
Tengine版本： Tengine-1.5.1
Keepalived版本：keepalived-1.2.7-3.el6
1、在Nginx1与Nginx2服务器上安装Tengine
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######在Nginx1安装
[root@nginx1
~]#
useradd -r nginx
[root@nginx1
~]#
tar xf tengine-1.5.1.tar.gz
[root@nginx1
~]#
cd tengine-1.5.1
######安装Tengine的依赖环境包
[root@nginx1
~]#
yum -y install pcre-devel openssl-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel gd-devel lua-devel GeoIP-devel gcc gcc-c++
[root@nginx1
~]#
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
\
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
\
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log
\
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid
\
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock
\
--user=nginx
\
--group=nginx
\
--enable-mods-shared=all
[root@nginx1
tengine-1.5.1]#
make && make install
######在Nginx2安装
[root@nginx2
~]#
scp 172.16.14.1:/root/tengine-1.5.1.tar.gz ./
[root@nginx2
tengine-1.5.1]#
yum -y install pcre-devel openssl-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel gd-devel lua-devel GeoIP-devel gcc gcc-c++
[root@nginx2
tengine-1.5.1]#
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
\
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
\
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log
\
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid
\
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock
\
--user=nginx
\
--group=nginx
\
--enable-mods-shared=all
[root@nginx2
tengine-1.5.1]#
make && make install
|
2、在Nginx1与Nginx2服务器上为Tengine准备Sysv服务脚本
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######Nginx1提供脚本
[root@nginx1
~]#
vim /etc/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/sh
#
nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
chkconfig: - 85 15
#
description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
#
processname: nginx
#
config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
#
config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
#
pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
#
Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
#
Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
#
Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ]
&& exit 0
nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[
-f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ]
&& . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs()
{
#
make required directories
user=`nginx
-V 2>&1 | grep "configure
arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^
]*\).*/\1/g' -`
options=`$nginx
-V 2>&1 | grep 'configure
arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [
`echo $opt
| grep '.*-temp-path'`
]; then
value=`echo $opt
| cut -d "=" -f
2`
if [
! -d "$value" ]; then
#
echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p
$value && chown -R
$user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start()
{
[
-x $nginx ] || exit 5
[
-f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n
$"Starting
$prog: "
daemon
$nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[
$retval -eq 0
] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop()
{
echo -n
$"Stopping
$prog: "
killproc
$prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[
$retval -eq 0
] && rm -f
$lockfile
return $retval
}
restart()
{
configtest
|| return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload()
{
configtest
|| return $?
echo -n
$"Reloading
$prog: "
killproc
$nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload()
{
restart
}
configtest()
{
$nginx
-t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status()
{
status
$prog
}
rh_status_q()
{
rh_status
>/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q
&& exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q
|| exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q
|| exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q
|| exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage:
$0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|
try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
######将Nginx加入到系统服务并启动
[root@nginx1
~]#
chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
[root@nginx1
~]#
chkconfig --add nginx
[root@nginx1
~]#
service nginx start
######将Nginx1脚本拷贝到Nignx2服务器上并加入系统服务
[root@nginx2
~]#
scp 172.16.14.1:/etc/init.d/nginx /etc/init.d/
[root@nginx2
~]#
chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
[root@nginx2
~]#
chkconfig --add nginx
[root@nginx2
~]#
service nginx start
|
3、访问测试Nginx服务是否正常
3.1、在Nginx1服务器上测试
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[root@nginx1
~]#
netstat -anpt|grep nginx
tcp
0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 15088/nginx
|
3.2、在Nginx2服务器上测试
| 1 2 |
[root@nginx2
~]#
netstat -anpt|grep nginx
tcp
0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7281/nginx
|
三、在Httpd1与Httpd2服务器上安装Apache
1、在Httpd1服务器配置好YUM源，使用YUM安装HTTPD服务
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[root@httpd1
~]#
yum -y install httpd
[root@httpd1
~]#
chkconfig httpd on
[root@httpd1
~]#
service httpd start
######为Httpd1提供测试页
[root@httpd1
~]#
echo '<h1>172.16.14.3 httpd1</h1>' > /var/www/html/index.html
|
2、在Httpd2服务器配置好YUM源，使用YUM安装HTTPD服务
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[root@httpd2
~]#
yum -y install httpd
[root@httpd2
~]#
chkconfig httpd on
[root@httpd2
~]#
service httpd start
[root@httpd2
~]#
echo '<h1>172.16.14.4 httpd2</h1>' > /var/www/html/index.html
|
四、配置Tengine
1、将主配置文件备份一份然后修改主配置文件
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[root@nginx1
~]# cd /etc/nginx/
[root@nginx1
nginx]# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
[root@nginx1
nginx]# vim nginx.conf
user
nginx nginx;
worker_processes
2;
worker_rlimit_nofile
51200;
#error_log
logs/error.log;
#pid
logs/nginx.pid;
events
{
use
epoll;
worker_connections
51200;
}
#
load modules compiled as Dynamic Shared Object (DSO)
dso
{ #实现动态加载模块
load
ngx_http_upstream_session_sticky_module.so; #加载session模块
}
http
{
include
mime.types;
default_type
application/octet-stream;
log_format
main '$remote_addr
- $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status
$body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent"
"$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log
logs/access.log main;
client_max_body_size
20m;
client_header_buffer_size
16k;
large_client_header_buffers
4 16k;
sendfile
on;
tcp_nopush
on;
keepalive_timeout
65;
gzip
on; #开启压缩
gzip_min_length
1k;
gzip_buffers
4 16k;
gzip_proxied
any;
gzip_http_version
1.1;
gzip_comp_level
3;
gzip_types
text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary
on;
proxy_temp_path
/tmp/proxy_temp;
proxy_cache_path
/tmp/proxy_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:500m inactive=1d max_size=3g;
proxy_connect_timeout
50;
proxy_read_timeout
600;
proxy_send_timeout
600;
proxy_buffer_size
128k;
proxy_buffers
16 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size
512k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size
1024m;
proxy_next_upstream
error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404 http_502 http_504;
upstream
allen {
server
172.16.14.3;
server
172.16.14.4;
check
interval=3000 rise=2 fall=5 timeout=1000 type=http; #后端Server健康状态检查
check_http_send "GET
/ HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n";
check_http_expect_alive
http_2xx http_3xx;
session_sticky;
#保持会话连接
}
server
{
listen
80;
server_name
localhost;
#charset
koi8-r;
#access_log
logs/host.access.log main;
location
/ {
proxy_pass
http://allen;
}
location
/status { #实现状态监控
check_status;
}
#error_page
404 /404.html;
#
redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page
500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location
= /50x.html {
root
html;
}
#
proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location
~ \.php$ {
#
root html;
#
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
#
fastcgi_index index.php;
#
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
#
include fastcgi_params;
#}
#
deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
#
concurs with nginx's one
#
#location
~ /\.ht {
#
deny all;
#}
}
#
HTTPS server
#
#server
{
#
listen 443;
#
server_name localhost;
#
ssl on;
#
ssl_certificate cert.pem;
#
ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
#
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
#
ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
#
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
#
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
location / {
#
root html;
#
index index.html index.htm;
#
}
#}
}
注释：Nginx的更多参数介绍请查看前面的博客
|
2、重启Tengine服务访问测试负载均衡
| 1 |
[root@nginx1
~]#
service nginx restart
|
由上图可见可以成功访问到后端的Httpd服务，接下来访问测试状态监控模块
3、在Nginx2服务器配置Tengine主配置文件
| 1 2 3 4 |
######复制Nginx1服务器上的配置文件到Nginx2服务器
[root@nginx2
~]#
scp 172.16.14.1:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/
[root@nginx2
~]#
service nginx restart
注释：重启Tengine服务并测试;测试方法同Nginx1服务器，这里就不再做测试了
|
五、安装Keepalived并配置
1、在Nginx1与Nginx2服务器上安装Keepalived
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######在Nginx1服务器安装
[root@nginx1
~]#
yum -y install keepalived
######在Nginx2服务器安装
[root@nginx2
~]#
yum -y install keepalived
|
2、配置Keepalived双主模式
2.1、修改Nginx1服务器上的Keepalived主配置文件定义
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[root@nginx1
~]#
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
!
Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs
{
notification_email
{
root@localhost #通知收件人地址,可以写换行写多个
}
notification_email_from
admin@allen.com #发件人地址
smtp_server
127.0.0.1 #邮件smtp服务器地址
smtp_connect_timeout
30 #邮件smtp连接超时时间
router_id
LVS_DEVEL #运行Keepalived服务器的标识,自定义；发邮件时显示在邮件标题中的信息
}
vrrp_script
chk_nginx { #定义一个外部脚本
script "/etc/keepalived/chk_nginx.sh"#脚本的路径
interval
1 #通知间隔
weight
2
}
vrrp_script
chk_proess {
script "/etc/keepalived/chk_proess.sh"
interval
1
weight
2
}
vrrp_instance
nginx_1 {
state
MASTER #角色{MASTER|BACKUP}
interface
eth0 #HA监测的网卡
virtual_router_id
56 #虚拟路由ID;一组集群ID号必须一样
priority
100 #权重,BACKUP不能高于MASTER
advert_int
1 #检测时间间隔
garp_master_delay
1
authentication
{
auth_type
PASS #认证类型
auth_pass
1234 #认证密码,同一集群密码要一样
}
virtual_ipaddress
{ #定义虚拟IP地址，可以有多个
172.16.14.10
}
track_script
{ #定义状态跟踪
chk_nginx #名称为vrrp_script中定义的
chk_proess
}
notify_master "/etc/keepalived/chk_nginx.sh
master" #指定切换到Master状态时执行的脚本
notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/chk_nginx.sh
backup" #指定切换到Backup状态时执行的脚本
notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/chk_nginx.sh
fault" #指定切换到Fault状态时执行的脚本
}
vrrp_instance
nginx_2 {
state
BACKUP
interface
eth0
virtual_router_id
58
priority
90
advert_int
1
authentication
{
auth_type
PASS
auth_pass
4321
}
virtual_ipaddress
{
172.16.14.11
}
track_script
{
chk_nginx
}
}
|
2.2、修改Nginx2服务器上的Keepalived主配置文件定义
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[root@nginx2
~]#
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
!
Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs
{
notification_email
{
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from
admin@allen.com
smtp_server
127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout
30
router_id
LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script
chk_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/chk_nginx.sh"
interval
1
weight
2
}
vrrp_script
chk_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/chk_proess.sh"
interval
1
weight
2
}
vrrp_instance
nginx_1 {
state
BACKUP
interface
eth0
virtual_router_id
56
priority
98
advert_int
1
authentication
{
auth_type
PASS
auth_pass
1234
}
virtual_ipaddress
{
172.16.14.10
}
track_script
{
chk_nginx
}
}
vrrp_instance
nginx_2 {
state
MASTER
interface
eth0
virtual_router_id
58
priority
92
advert_int
1
authentication
{
auth_type
PASS
auth_pass
4321
}
virtual_ipaddress
{
172.16.14.11
}
track_script
{
chk_nginx
chk_proess
}
notify_master "/etc/keepalived/chk_nginx.sh
master"
notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/chk_nginx.sh
backup"
notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/chk_nginx.sh
fault"
}
|
3、在Nginx1与Nginx2服务器分别为Keepalived提供状态检测脚本及通知脚本
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######通知脚本
vim /etc/keepalived/chk_nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
Author: ALLEN
#
description: An example of notify script
#
vip=172.16.14.10
contact='root@localhost'
notify()
{
mailsubject="`hostname`
to be $1: $vip floating"
mailbody="`date
'+%F %H:%M:%S'`: vrrp transition, `hostname` changed to be $1"
echo $mailbody
| mail -s "$mailsubject" $contact
}
case "$1" in
master)
notify
master
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
exit 0
;;
backup)
notify
backup
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
exit 0
;;
fault)
notify
fault
exit 0
;;
*)
echo 'Usage:
`basename $0` {master|backup|fault}'
exit 1
;;
esac
######状态检测脚本
vim /etc/keepalived/chk_proess.sh
#!/bin/bash
killall
-0 nginx
if [[
$? -ne 0
]];then
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi
######添加执行权限
chkmod
+x /etc/keepalived/chk_*
|
六、测试Keepalived+Tengine高可用
1、分别重新启动Nginx1与Nginx2服务器上面的Keepalived与Tengine服务
| 1 2 |
[root@nginx1
~]#
service keepalived restart;service nginx restart
[root@nginx2
~]#
service keepalived restart;service nginx restart
|
2、分别查看Nginx1与Nginx2服务器上的IP地址
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######查看Nginx1服务器
[root@nginx1
~]#
ip addr show eth0
2:
eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:2c:1a:24
brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet
172.16.14.1/16 brd
172.16.255.255 scope global eth0
inet
172.16.14.10/32 scope
global eth0
inet6
fe80::20c:29ff:fe2c:1a24/64 scope
link
valid_lft
forever preferred_lft forever
######查看Nginx2服务器
[root@nginx2
~]#
ip addr show eth0
2:
eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ec:f6:3f
brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet
172.16.14.2/16 brd
172.16.255.255 scope global eth0
inet
172.16.14.11/32 scope
global eth0
inet6
fe80::20c:29ff:feec:f63f/64 scope
link
valid_lft
forever preferred_lft forever
注释：由上可见,两台服务器都有虚拟IP地址
|
3、访问测试172.16.14.10
4、模拟其中一台前端Nginx服务器出现故障不能正常提供服务
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 |
[root@nginx1
~]#
killall nginx
[root@nginx1
~]#
ip addr show eth0
2:
eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:2c:1a:24
brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet
172.16.14.1/16 brd
172.16.255.255 scope global eth0
inet6
fe80::20c:29ff:fe2c:1a24/64 scope
link
valid_lft
forever preferred_lft forever
######由上可见,虚拟IP地址已删除
========================================================================
######在Nginx2服务器上查看IP地址
[root@nginx2
~]#
ip addr show eth0
2:
eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ec:f6:3f
brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet
172.16.14.2/16 brd
172.16.255.255 scope global eth0
inet
172.16.14.11/32 scope
global eth0
inet
172.16.14.10/32 scope
global eth0
inet6
fe80::20c:29ff:feec:f63f/64 scope
link
valid_lft
forever preferred_lft forever
注释：由上可见,虚拟IP地址已成功切换
|
5、在Nginx2服务器查看邮件通知
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 |
[root@nginx2
~]#
mail
Heirloom
Mail version 12.4 7/29/08.
Type ? for help.
"/var/spool/mail/root":
3 messages 2 unread
>U
1 root Wed Sep 25 16:54 19/712 "nginx2.allen.com
to be master: 172.16.14.10 floating"
U
2 root Wed Sep 25 17:23 19/712 "nginx2.allen.com
to be master: 172.16.14.10 floating"
3
root Wed Sep 25 18:06 19/713 "nginx2.allen.com
to be master: 172.16.14.10 floating"
&
3
Message
3:
From
root@nginx2.allen.com Wed Sep 25 18:06:27 2013
Return-Path:
<root@nginx2.allen.com>
X-Original-To:
root@localhost
Delivered-To:
root@localhost.allen.com
Date:
Wed, 25 Sep 2013 18:06:27 +0800
To:
root@localhost.allen.com
Subject:
nginx2.allen.com to be master: 172.16.14.10 floating
User-Agent:
Heirloom mailx 12.4 7/29/08
Content-Type:
text/plain;
charset=us-ascii
From:
root@nginx2.allen.com (root)
Status:
RO
2013-09-25
18:06:27: vrrp transition, nginx2.allen.com changed to be master
&
quit #退出
注释：可以看出此时Nginx2服务器已经成功Master，当然Nginx1服务器成功了Backup；这里就不在查看Nginx1的邮件了，各位博友可以查看一下
|
6、再次访问172.16.14.10测试
由上图可见，依然可以正常访问；Keepalived+Tengine高可用已实现
7、这里就不在对另一个虚拟IP(172.16.14.11)做测试了，测试方法与(172.16.14.10)相同；在实际环境中在DNS服务器为两个虚拟IP地址做A记录，能实现两个前端Nginx调度的负载均衡；这里配置个两个实例均使用的是eth0网卡，但在实际环境中最好使用不同的网卡；由于内容较多，下面就不写Corosync+DRBD+Mysql的实现了，如果各位博友有兴趣可以看前面写的博客：
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