u-boot-2014_04在TQ2440上的移植
u-boot-2014_04在TQ2440上的移植
本文详细介绍了新版本的u-boot-2014_04在tq2440平台上的移植过程，期间参考了网上的其他移植文档，还有韦东山的移植uboot视频，讲的很好。下面是共享链接，欢迎下载，一同学习。其中有移植文档和patch。
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1jGxEYQq
作者: 彭东林
邮箱：pengdonglin137@163.com
QQ： 405728433
一、 首先建立自己的开发板
二、 配置时钟
三、 移植NOR FLASH
四、 移植网卡DM9000
五、 支持NAND FLASH读写
六、 修改代码支持NOR FLASH启动
七、 保存环境变量到NAND FLASH并添加分区
八、 支持NAND FLASH启动
九、 支持烧写yaffs文件系统
十、 添加NAND FLASH 硬件ECC
十一、 最后
十二、 制作补丁
十三、 用到的一些命令：
到官网http://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/下载u-boot-2014.04.tar.bz2
解压后在board/samsung/目录下仍然没有2440,虽然没有直接支持2440开发板,但其代码已经支持,只需添加相关配置即可。
一、 首先建立自己的开发板
拷贝board/samsung/smdk2410/目录到board/tq2440
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ cp -a board/samsung/smdk2410/ board/tq2440
进入board/tq2440目录修改
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04/board/tq2440$ mv smdk2410.c tq2440.c
修改该目录下的Makefile
obj-y := tq2440.o
拷贝配置文件(使用相似的smdk2410开发板的配置文件)
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ cp include/configs/smdk2410.h include/configs/tq2440.h
增加开发板配置选项
在顶层目录下的Makefile中搜索不到smdk2410
在顶层目录执行如下命令
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "smdk2410" * -nR
./boards.cfg:74:
smdk2410 arm arm920t - samsung s3c24x0
./MAINTAINERS:774: smdk2410 ARM920T
./board/samsung/smdk2410/Makefile:28:COBJS := smdk2410.o
./board/tq2440/Makefile:28:COBJS := smdk2410.o
./arch/arm/include/asm/mach-types.h:1646:# define machine_is_smdk2410() (machine_arch_type == MACH_TYPE_SMDK2410)
./arch/arm/include/asm/mach-types.h:1648:# define machine_is_smdk2410() (0)
从这里知道在顶层目录下的boards.cfg文件中定义了smdk2410开发板的配置选项，仿照它定义TQ2440开发板的配置选项
# # Status, Arch, CPU:SPLCPU, SoC, Vendor, Board name, Target, Options, Maintainers
###########################################################################################################
Active arm arm920t s3c24x0 - tq2440 tq2440 - -
由于我在board目录下创建开发板目录，所以Vendor指定为空
二、 配置时钟
先大致看一下配置文件include/configs/tq2440.h
/*
* High Level Configuration Options
* (easy to change)
*/
#define CONFIG_ARM920T /* This is an ARM920T Core */
#define CONFIG_S3C24X0 /* in a SAMSUNG S3C24x0-type SoC */
#define CONFIG_S3C2410 /* specifically a SAMSUNG S3C2410 SoC */
#define CONFIG_SMDK2410 /* on a SAMSUNG SMDK2410 Board */
这里是高级别的一些配置，配置了S3C2410 SoC和SMDK2410 Board，跟我使用的开发板不一致
根据我自己的开发板tq2440进行如下配置
//#define CONFIG_S3C2410 /* specifically a SAMSUNG S3C2410 SoC */
#define CONFIG_S3C2440
//#define CONFIG_SMDK2410 /* on a SAMSUNG SMDK2410 Board */
#define CONFIG_AUTO_COMPLETE //开启命令自动补全
#define CONFIG_SYS_PROMPT "TQ2440 # " // 命令提示符
屏蔽一些暂时不用的支持，用的时候再加上
#if 0
#define CONFIG_CS8900 /* we have a CS8900 on-board */
#define CONFIG_CS8900_BASE 0x19000300
#define CONFIG_CS8900_BUS16 /* the Linux driver does accesses as shorts */
#endif
#if 0
#define CONFIG_USB_OHCI
#define CONFIG_USB_KEYBOARD
#define CONFIG_USB_STORAGE
#define CONFIG_DOS_PARTITION
#endif
//#define CONFIG_CMD_DHCP
//#define CONFIG_CMD_NAND
//#define CONFIG_CMD_PING
//#define CONFIG_CMD_REGINFO
//#define CONFIG_CMD_USB
#if 0
#define CONFIG_CMD_FAT
#define CONFIG_CMD_EXT2
#define CONFIG_CMD_UBI
#define CONFIG_CMD_UBIFS
#define CONFIG_CMD_MTDPARTS
#define CONFIG_MTD_DEVICE
#define CONFIG_MTD_PARTITIONS
#define CONFIG_YAFFS2
#define CONFIG_RBTREE
#endif
看下链接脚本arch/arm/cpu/u-boot.lds
CPUDIR/start.o (.text*)
从这里可以知道u-boot执行的第一个文件是arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/start.S
/* FCLK:HCLK:PCLK = 1:2:4 */
/* default FCLK is 120 MHz ! */
ldr r0, =CLKDIVN
mov r1, #3
str r1, [r0]
上面几行代码是针对S3C2410的
添加时钟初始化代码如下
# if defined(CONFIG_S3C2410)
ldr r1, =0x3ff
ldr r0, =INTSUBMSK
str r1, [r0]
# endif
# if defined(CONFIG_S3C2440)
ldr r1, =0x7fff
ldr r0, =INTSUBMSK // 屏蔽子中断
str r1, [r0]
# endif /* CONFIG_S3C2440 */
# if defined(CONFIG_S3C2440)
# define MPLLCON 0x4C000004 //系统主频配置寄存器
# define UPLLCON 0x4C000008 //USB频率配置寄存器
# define CAMDIVN 0x4C000018 //照相机时钟分频寄存器
ldr r0, =CAMDIVN
mov r1, #0
str r1, [r0]
ldr r0, =CLKDIVN
mov r1, #0x05
str r1, [r0]
/*如果HDIVN不等于0，CPU必须设置为异步总线模式*/
mrc p15,0,r0,c1,c0,0
orr r0,r0,#0xc0000000
mcr p15,0,r0,c1,c0,0
ldr r0, =UPLLCON
ldr r1, =0x38022 // USB时钟48MHZ
str r1, [r0]
/*
**When you set MPLL&UPLL values, you have to set the UPLL
**value first and then the MPLL value. (Needs intervals
**approximately 7 NOP)
*/
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
ldr r0, =MPLLCON
ldr r1, =0x5c011 //CPU时钟400MHZ
str r1, [r0]
# else
/* FCLK:HCLK:PCLK = 1:2:4 */
/* default FCLK is 120 MHz ! */
ldr r0, =CLKDIVN
mov r1, #3
str r1, [r0]
#endif /* CONFIG_S3C2440 */
#endif /* CONFIG_S3C24X0 */
board/tq2440/tq2440.c中board_early_init_f()函数也初始化了时钟，因为我在start.S中已初始化了时钟，所以屏蔽掉board_early_init_f()中对时钟的初始化代码
// struct s3c24x0_clock_power * const clk_power =
// s3c24x0_get_base_clock_power();
struct s3c24x0_gpio * const gpio = s3c24x0_get_base_gpio();
#if 0
/* to reduce PLL lock time, adjust the LOCKTIME register */
writel(0xFFFFFF, &clk_power->locktime);
/* configure MPLL */
writel((M_MDIV << 12) + (M_PDIV << 4) + M_SDIV,
&clk_power->mpllcon);
/* some delay between MPLL and UPLL */
pll_delay(4000);
/* configure UPLL */
writel((U_M_MDIV << 12) + (U_M_PDIV << 4) + U_M_SDIV,
&clk_power->upllcon);
/* some delay between MPLL and UPLL */
pll_delay(8000);
#endif
可以先配置u-boot支持直接烧写进内存SDRAM运行
修改配置文件tq2440.h
#define CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE 0x32000000
CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE指定了代码的加载地址，待会编译好后生成可执行二进制文件u—boot.bin，就要把u-boot.bin下载到该地址
我们现在需要直接烧写进内存运行，而底层初始化代码还没移植，所以我们需要跳过底层初始化
查看arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/start.S
#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
bl cpu_init_crit
#endif
如果没有定义CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT就跳转 cpu_init_crit函数执行，该函数进行了一些底层的初始化，比如内存。因为下面我们直接将u-boot下载到内存中运行，如果在内存中运行的同时再初始化内存，那么内存中的数据代码会遭到破坏。
所以我们在配置文件tq2440.h中定义该宏
#define CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
修改一下顶层Makefile：
202 CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-
ARCH就不用我们手动配置了，因为在执行make tq2440_config时，会解析boards.cfg文件，得到ARCH的值。
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ make tq2440_config
编译完成生成可执行二进制文件u—boot.bin,开发板启动原有好的u-boot
将u-boot.bin下载到SDRAM的0x32000000地址，然后go 0x32000000运行
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin
(注意：在新版本的u-boot中，进行代码重定位relocate之前就已经在board_init_f中调用了全局性的代码，这些全局性的代码并不是位置无关的，所以这里需要将u-boot直接下载到它的链接地址处，防止程序跑飞)
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
T ###########
done
Bytes transferred = 153844 (258f4 hex)
EmbedSky> go 0x32000000
（注意：必须与刚才tftp下载到的地址相同）
## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 28 2014 - 23:11:32)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
在tq2440.h中定义DEBUG宏
#define DEBUG
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
T ############
done
Bytes transferred = 168860 (2939c hex)
## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 02:51:27)
U-Boot code: 32000000 -> 320246BC BSS: -> 3202A0A4
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
monitor len: 0002A0A4
ramsize: 04000000
TLB table from 33ff0000 to 33ff4000
Top of RAM usable for U-Boot at: 33ff0000
Reserving 168k for U-Boot at: 33fc5000
Reserving 4160k for malloc() at: 33bb5000
Reserving 32 Bytes for Board Info at: 33bb4fe0
Reserving 160 Bytes for Global Data at: 33bb4f40
New Stack Pointer is: 33bb4f30
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MiB
relocation Offset is: 01fc5000
WARNING: Caches not enabled
monitor flash len: 0002939C
Now running in RAM - U-Boot at: 33fc5000
经过加打印，问题定位在board.c中的board_init_r在调用mem_malloc_init函数时出了问题，他完成的操作是将malloc_start标识的malloc区域清零，这里malloc区域的大小是4MB+160KB，发现在清除到2MB多的时候程序就挂了。
这个问题的原因好没有找到，等待解决。目前临时的解决办法是将malloc区域的大小减小为2MB+160KB，做法是修改tq2440.h中，将
#define CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN (4 * 1024 * 1024)
改为：
#define CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN (2 * 1024 * 1024)
然后编译运行，打印信息如下：
U-Boot code: 32000000 -> 320246BC BSS: -> 3202A0A4
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
monitor len: 0002A0A4
ramsize: 04000000
TLB table from 33ff0000 to 33ff4000
Top of RAM usable for U-Boot at: 33ff0000
Reserving 168k for U-Boot at: 33fc5000
Reserving 2112k for malloc() at: 33db5000
Reserving 32 Bytes for Board Info at: 33db4fe0
Reserving 160 Bytes for Global Data at: 33db4f40
New Stack Pointer is: 33db4f30
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MiB
relocation Offset is: 01fc5000
WARNING: Caches not enabled
monitor flash len: 0002939C
Now running in RAM - U-Boot at: 33fc5000
Flash: fwc addr 00000000 cmd f0 00f0 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 0000aaaa cmd aa 00aa 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 00005554 cmd 55 0055 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 0000aaaa cmd 90 0090 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 00000000 cmd f0 00f0 16bit x 16 bit
JEDEC PROBE: ID 1c 2249 0
fwc addr 00000000 cmd ff 00ff 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 00000000 cmd 90 0090 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 00000000 cmd ff 00ff 16bit x 16 bit
JEDEC PROBE: ID 16 ea00 0
*** failed ***
### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###
三、 移植NOR FLASH
第二步Flash: *** failed ***
### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###
卡在这里不动了
搜索“Flash:”
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "Flash:" * -nR
......
arch/arm/lib/board.c:557: puts("Flash: ");
.....
进入查看
puts("Flash: ");
flash_size = flash_init();
if (flash_size > 0) {
# ifdef CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM
print_size(flash_size, "");
/*
* Compute and print flash CRC if flashchecksum is set to 'y'
*
* NOTE: Maybe we should add some WATCHDOG_RESET()? XXX
*/
if (getenv_yesno("flashchecksum") == 1) {
printf(" CRC: %08X", crc32(0,
(const unsigned char *) CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE,
flash_size));
}
putc('\n');
# else /* !CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM */
print_size(flash_size, "\n");
# endif /* CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM */
} else {
puts(failed);
hang();
}
failed在该文件中的定义如下
static char *failed = "*** failed ***\n";
函数hang()在该文件中的定义如下
void hang(void)
{
puts("### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###\n");
for (;;);
}
说明是flash初始化失败
进入drivers/mtd/cfi_flash.c：flash_init函数
if (!flash_detect_legacy(cfi_flash_bank_addr(i), i))
flash_detect_legacy函数去探测flash
进入flash_detect_legacy函数
flash_read_jedec_ids(info);
debug("JEDEC PROBE: ID %x %x %x\n",
info->manufacturer_id,
info->device_id,
info->device_id2);
if (jedec_flash_match(info, info->start[0]))
break;
else
unmap_physmem((void *)info->start[0], MAP_NOCACHE);
jedec_flash_match函数将读取到的flash信息与jedec_table进行匹配，如果匹配成功则填充flash_info，否则返回1，看来这里没有匹配成功，在drivers/mtd/cfi_flash.c：flash_detect_legacy函数去探测开发板的flash，打开调试信息的宏，将探测到的flash信息打印出来
#define DEBUG (也可以加载tq2440.h中)
重新编译，开发板从NOR FLASH启动，
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
T ############
done
Bytes transferred = 168860 (2939c hex)
## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 02:57:57)
U-Boot code: 32000000 -> 320246BC BSS: -> 3202A0A4
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
monitor len: 0002A0A4
ramsize: 04000000
TLB table from 33ff0000 to 33ff4000
Top of RAM usable for U-Boot at: 33ff0000
Reserving 168k for U-Boot at: 33fc5000
Reserving 2112k for malloc() at: 33db5000
Reserving 32 Bytes for Board Info at: 33db4fe0
Reserving 160 Bytes for Global Data at: 33db4f40
New Stack Pointer is: 33db4f30
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MiB
relocation Offset is: 01fc5000
WARNING: Caches not enabled
monitor flash len: 0002939C
Now running in RAM - U-Boot at: 33fc5000
Flash: fwc addr 00000000 cmd f0 00f0 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 0000aaaa cmd aa 00aa 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 00005554 cmd 55 0055 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 0000aaaa cmd 90 0090 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 00000000 cmd f0 00f0 16bit x 16 bit
JEDEC PROBE: ID 1c 2249 0
fwc addr 00000000 cmd ff 00ff 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 00000000 cmd 90 0090 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 00000000 cmd ff 00ff 16bit x 16 bit
JEDEC PROBE: ID 16 ea00 0
*** failed ***
### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###
根据debug("JEDEC PROBE: ID %x %x %x\n",
info->manufacturer_id,
info->device_id,
info->device_id2);
可以知道已经探测到开发板的flash的厂家ID为0x1c，设备ID为0x2249
在jedec_table表中增加TQ2440开发板的NOR FLASH(EN29LV160AB)内容
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_LEGACY_1024Kx16
{ /* TQ2440 EN29LV160AB */
.mfr_id = 0x1c, /* manufacturer_id */
.dev_id = 0x2249, /* device_id */
.name = "EON EN29LV160AB",
.uaddr = {/* 因为NOR FLASH的ADDR0接到了S3C2440的ADDR1 */
[1] = MTD_UADDR_0x0555_0x02AA /* x16 */
},
.DevSize = SIZE_2MiB,
.CmdSet = P_ID_AMD_STD,
.NumEraseRegions= 4,
.regions = {
ERASEINFO(0x04000, 1),
ERASEINFO(0x02000, 2),
ERASEINFO(0x08000, 1),
ERASEINFO(0x10000, 31),
}
},
#endif
注释掉刚才打开的宏
drivers/mtd/cfi_flash.c
//#define DEBUG
并在tq2440.h中定义CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_LEGACY_1024Kx16
//#define CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_LEGACY_512Kx16
#define CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_LEGACY_1024Kx16
重新编译u-boot，从NOR FLASH启动开发板
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
T ###########
done
Bytes transferred = 153568 (257e0 hex)
## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 03:10:56)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: ERROR: too many flash sectors
2 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: No ethernet found.
TQ2440 #
出现一个错误too many flash sectors
搜索too many flash sectors
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "too many flash sectors" * -nR
./drivers/mtd/jedec_flash.c:444: printf("ERROR: too many flash sectors\n");
查看代码
if (sect_cnt >= CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT) {
printf("ERROR: too many flash sectors\n");
break;
}
说明CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT的值太小了，在配置文件tq2440.h修改该宏
#define CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT (35) //根据EN29LV160AB芯片手册
重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动开发板
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
T ###########
done
Bytes transferred = 153568 (257e0 hex)
## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 03:12:36)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: No ethernet found.
TQ2440 #
TQ2440 # flinfo
Bank # 1: EON EN29LV160AB flash (16 x 16) Size: 2 MB in 35 Sectors
AMD Legacy command set, Manufacturer ID: 0x1C, Device ID: 0x2249
Erase timeout: 30000 ms, write timeout: 100 ms
Sector Start Addresses:
00000000 RO 00004000 RO 00006000 RO 00008000 RO 00010000 RO
00020000 RO 00030000 00040000 00050000 00060000
00070000 RO 00080000 00090000 000A0000 000B0000
000C0000 000D0000 000E0000 000F0000 00100000
00110000 00120000 00130000 00140000 00150000
00160000 00170000 00180000 00190000 001A0000
001B0000 001C0000 001D0000 001E0000 001F0000
测试flash读写是否正常
读取0x32000000地址的0x10字节数据到0x0地址，然后比较两份数据是否相等
注意：从flinfo中可以看出0地址所在扇区是RO，要先解保护
TQ2440 # protect off all
Un-Protect Flash Bank # 1
TQ2440 # cp.b 32000000 0 10
Copy to Flash... done
TQ2440 # cmp.b 0 32000000 10
Total of 16 byte(s) were the same
再来读
TQ2440 # md.b 32000000 10
32000000: 13 00 00 ea 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 ................
TQ2440 # md.b 0 10
00000000: 13 00 00 ea 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 ................
读出的两份数据一样
至此NOR FLASH移植完毕
四、 移植网卡DM9000
网卡DM9000的驱动为drivers/net/dm9000x.c，我们需要将它编译进u-boot，查看drivers/net/Makefile
38 COBJS-$(CONFIG_DRIVER_DM9000) += dm9000x.o
如果定义了CONFIG_DRIVER_DM9000就将dm9000x.o编译进u-boot，在配置文件tq2440.h中定义该宏
#define CONFIG_DRIVER_DM9000
在第一步已经经网卡CS8900的相关配置注释掉了
重新编译出错
dm9000x.c: In function 'dm9000_outblk_8bit':
dm9000x.c:156: error: 'DM9000_DATA' undeclared (first use in this function)
DM9000_DATA没有定义，参考mini2440.h的配置如下
#define CONFIG_DRIVER_DM9000
#define CONFIG_DM9000_NO_SROM
（如果不设置这个宏，uboot会打印类似：
Warning: dm9000 MAC addresses don't match:
Address in SROM is ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
Address in environment is 00:0c:29:2a:5c:a5
的信息）
#define CONFIG_DM9000_BASE 0x20000000 //tq2440开发板的网卡dm9000接在S3C2440的bank4 #define DM9000_IO CONFIG_DM9000_BASE
#define DM9000_DATA (CONFIG_DM9000_BASE+4) // tq2440开发板的网卡dm9000的cmd引脚接在S3C2440的ADDR2
打开之前第一步暂时注释掉的宏
#define CONFIG_CMD_PING
重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动u-boot
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
T ###########
done
Bytes transferred = 154592 (25be0 hex)
## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 03:16:30)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: No ethernet found.
TQ2440 #
没有找到网路
搜索Net：
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "Net:" * -nR
......
arch/arm/lib/board.c:662: puts("Net: ");
......
查看单板文件board.c
puts("Net: ");
eth_initialize(gd->bd);
进入net/eth.c: eth_initialize函数
if (board_eth_init(bis) < 0)
进入board/tq2440/tq2440.c: board_eth_init函数
修改如下
int board_eth_init(bd_t *bis)
{
int rc = 0;
#ifdef CONFIG_CS8900
rc = cs8900_initialize(0, CONFIG_CS8900_BASE);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_DRIVER_DM9000
rc = dm9000_initialize(bis);
#endif
return rc;
}
重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动u-boot
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
T ###########
done
Bytes transferred = 160268 (2720c hex)
## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 03:20:16)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
TQ2440 # set ethaddr 00:12:34:56:ab:cd 设置mac地址
TQ2440 # set ipaddr 192.168.1.6 设置开发板IP地址
TQ2440 # set serverip 192.168.1.8 设置tftp服务器IP地址
TQ2440 # ping 192.168.1.8 ping主机
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 00:12:34:56:ab:cd
could not establish link
Using dm9000 device
host 192.168.1.8 is alive
TQ2440 # tftpboot 31000000 u-boot.bin 下载文件
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 00:12:34:56:ab:cd
could not establish link
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x31000000
Loading: ##############
1.8 MiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 198364 (306dc hex)
注意到新版u-boot在用tftp下载时会打印出下载速度，另外上面出现了一个错误could not establish link
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "could not establish link" * -nR
./drivers/net/dm9000x.c:376: printf("could not establish link\n");
查看代码并修改
#if 0
i = 0;
while (!(dm9000_phy_read(1) & 0x20)) { /* autonegation complete bit */
udelay(1000);
i++;
if (i == 10000) {
printf("could not establish link\n");
return 0;
}
}
#endif
重新编译，从NOR FLASH重启开发板
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
T ###########
done
Bytes transferred = 160140 (2718c hex)
## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 03:25:30)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
现在重新下载刚才的u-boot.bin
TQ2440 # tftp 0x30000000 u-boot.bin
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
WARNING: Bad MAC address (uninitialized EEPROM?)
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x30000000
Loading: T ###########
30.3 KiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 160140 (2718c hex)
刚才的错误解决了
至此网卡DM9000移植完毕
五、 支持NAND FLASH读写
修改配置文件include/configs/tq2440.h打开之前注释掉的NAND相关的宏
#define CONFIG_CMD_NAND
编译出错
s3c2410_nand.c: In function 's3c2410_hwcontrol':
s3c2410_nand.c:57: warning: implicit declaration of function 's3c2410_get_base_nand'
s3c2410_nand.c:57: warning: initialization makes pointer from integer without a cast
s3c2410_nand.c:72: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
s3c2410_nand.c:72: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
s3c2410_nand.c:75: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
s3c2410_nand.c:75: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
查看代码
struct s3c2410_nand *nand = s3c2410_get_base_nand();
struct s3c2410_nand的定义
#ifdef CONFIG_S3C2410
/* NAND FLASH (see S3C2410 manual chapter 6) */
struct s3c2410_nand {
u32 nfconf;
u32 nfcmd;
u32 nfaddr;
u32 nfdata;
u32 nfstat;
u32 nfecc;
};
#endif
s3c2410_get_base_nand()在s3c2410.h中声明
s3c2410_nand.c中包含了头文件s3c24x0_cpu.h，该文件内容如下
#ifdef CONFIG_S3C2400
#include <asm/arch/s3c2400.h>
#elif defined CONFIG_S3C2410
#include <asm/arch/s3c2410.h>
#elif defined CONFIG_S3C2440
#include <asm/arch/s3c2440.h>
#else
#error Please define the s3c24x0 cpu type
#endif
而我在配置文件tq2440中注释了宏CONFIG_S3C2410，添加了CONFIG_S3C2440
查看drivers/mtd/nand/Makefile
75 COBJS-$(CONFIG_NAND_S3C2410) += s3c2410_nand.o
CONFIG_NAND_S3C2410在tq2440.h中定义
将drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410_nand.c拷贝为drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2440_nand.c
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ cp drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410_nand.c drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2440_nand.c
在drivers/mtd/nand/Makefile文件中增加一行
56 obj-$(CONFIG_NAND_S3C2440) += s3c2440_nand.o
将s3c2440_nand.c中所有的2410替换为2440
修改配置文件include/configs/tq2440.h
187 /*
188 * NAND configuration
189 */
190 #ifdef CONFIG_CMD_NAND
191 #ifdef CONFIG_S3C2440
192 #define CONFIG_NAND_S3C2440
193 #define CONFIG_SYS_S3C2440_NAND_HWECC
194 #else
195 #define CONFIG_NAND_S3C2410
196 #define CONFIG_SYS_S3C2410_NAND_HWECC
197 #endif
198 #define CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE 1
199 #define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BASE 0x4E000000
200 #endif
重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动开发板
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000
.......
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 03:42:02)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
NAND: 0 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
TQ2440 #
搜索NAND:
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "NAND:" * -nR
......
arch/arm/lib/board.c:584: puts("NAND: ");
......
查看代码
#if defined(CONFIG_CMD_NAND)
puts("NAND: ");
nand_init(); /* go init the NAND */
#endif
一路跟踪下去，列出函数调用顺序
nand_init-> nand_init_chip-> board_nand_init
-> nand_scan-> nand_scan_ident
其中board_nand_init是与板相关的初始化
nand_scan_ident函数中
/* Read the flash type */
type = nand_get_flash_type(mtd, chip, busw,
&nand_maf_id, &nand_dev_id, table);
if (IS_ERR(type)) {
#ifndef CONFIG_SYS_NAND_QUIET_TEST
printk(KERN_WARNING "No NAND device found!!!\n");
#endif
chip->select_chip(mtd, -1);
return PTR_ERR(type);
}
说明上面的nand_get_flash_type获取失败
修改drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2440_nand.c中的board_nand_init()函数
#define S3C2440_NFCONF_TACLS(x) ((x)<<12)
#define S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH0(x) ((x)<<8)
#define S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH1(x) ((x)<<4)
......
#if defined(CONFIG_S3C24XX_CUSTOM_NAND_TIMING)
tacls = CONFIG_S3C24XX_TACLS;
twrph0 = CONFIG_S3C24XX_TWRPH0;
twrph1 = CONFIG_S3C24XX_TWRPH1;
#else
tacls = 0;
twrph0 = 1;
twrph1 = 0;
#endif
//cfg = S3C2440_NFCONF_EN;
cfg |= S3C2440_NFCONF_TACLS(tacls);
cfg |= S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH0(twrph0);
cfg |= S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH1(twrph1);
writel(cfg, &nand_reg->nfconf);
/*初始化ECC、禁止片选、使能NAND FLASH控制器*/
writel((1 << 4)|(1 << 1)|(1 << 0), &nand_reg->nfcont);
修改默认的drivers/mtd/nand/nand_base.c: nand_select_chip函数
case 0: // 选中
chip->cmd_ctrl(mtd, NAND_CMD_NONE, NAND_CTRL_CLE | NAND_CTRL_CHANGE);
break;
修改s3c2440_hwcontrol()函数
if (ctrl & NAND_CTRL_CHANGE) {
ulong IO_ADDR_W = (ulong)nand;
if (!(ctrl & NAND_CLE))
IO_ADDR_W |= S3C2440_ADDR_NCLE;
if (!(ctrl & NAND_ALE))
IO_ADDR_W |= S3C2440_ADDR_NALE;
if (cmd == NAND_CMD_NONE)
IO_ADDR_W = &nand->nfdata;
chip->IO_ADDR_W = (void *)IO_ADDR_W;
if (ctrl & NAND_NCE) // 使能选中
writel(readl(&nand->nfcont) & ~(1 << 1),
&nand->nfcont);
else // 取消选中
writel(readl(&nand->nfcont) | (1 << 1),
&nand->nfcont);
}
修改
#define S3C2440_ADDR_NALE 8
#define S3C2440_ADDR_NCLE 0xc
#define S3C2440_NFCONF_nFCE (1<<1)
重新编译烧到，从NOR FLASh启动开发板
TQ2440 # tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;go 32000000
测试
将SDRAM的0x32000000地址的0xff字节数据写到NAND FLASH的0地址
TQ2440 # nand write 32000000 0 ff
NAND write: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0xff
255 bytes written: OK
从NAND FLASH的0地址读0xff字节数据到SDRAM的0x31000000地址
TQ2440 # nand read 31000000 0 ff
NAND read: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0xff
255 bytes read: OK
比较
TQ2440 # cmp.b 31000000 32000000 ff
Total of 255 bytes were the same
六、 修改代码支持NOR FLASH启动
修改配置文件tq2440.h
#define CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE 0x0
(这里必须设置为0，因为这个版本的uboot中尚未进行代码重定位之前，就调用了很多全局性的代码，所以需要设置为0，否则程序会跑飞)
//#define CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
（如果不定义CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT，u-boot在从NorFlash启动时会执行内存初始化代码
190 /*
191 * we do sys-critical inits only at reboot,
192 * not when booting from ram!
193 */
194 #ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
195 bl cpu_init_crit
196 #endif
197
198 bl _main
）
修改内存初始化代码board/tq2440/lowlevel_init.S
#define REFCNT 0x4f4 #修改内存初始化参数
重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动，使用原先好的u-boot将新的u-boot.bin烧写到NOR FLASH
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
T ###############
done
Bytes transferred = 215096 (34838 hex)
EmbedSky> protect off all
Un-Protect Flash Bank # 1
EmbedSky> erase 0 +40000
Erasing sector 0 ... ok.
Erasing sector 1 ... ok.
Erasing sector 2 ... ok.
Erasing sector 3 ... ok.
Erasing sector 4 ... ok.
Erasing sector 5 ... ok.
Erasing sector 6 ... ok.
Erased 7 sectors
EmbedSky> cp.b 0x32000000 0x0 0x40000
Copy to Flash... done
ÿmbedSky> reset
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 04:07:20)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
NAND: 256 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
TQ2440 #
七、 保存环境变量到NAND FLASH并添加分区
默认是把环境变量保存到NOR FLASH的，环境变量是通过执行saveenv命令保存的，查看一下该命令的实现代码。搜索“saveenv”
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "saveenv" common/ -nR
common/env_flash.c:122:int saveenv(void)
common/env_flash.c:245:int saveenv(void)
common/env_nand.c:174:int saveenv(void)
common/env_nand.c:226:int saveenv(void)
搜索出了env_flash.c和env_fnand.c，分别用于将环境变量保存到NOR FLASH和NAND FLASH
查看common/Makefile
57 COBJS-$(CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH) += env_flash.o
60 COBJS-$(CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND) += env_nand.o
我们需要在配置文件tq2440.h中去掉CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH，增加CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND
修改配置文件tq2440.h
#if 0
#define CONFIG_ENV_ADDR (CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE + 0x070000)
#define CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH
#define CONFIG_ENV_SIZE 0x10000
#endif
#define CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND
/* allow to overwrite serial and ethaddr */
#define CONFIG_ENV_OVERWRITE
重新编译，出错
/home/work/u-boot-2013.01/include/environment.h:88: error: #error "Need to define CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET when using CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND"
/home/work/u-boot-2013.01/include/environment.h:95: error: #error "Need to define CONFIG_ENV_SIZE when using CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND"
在配置文件tq2440.h中定义这两个宏
#define CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND
#define CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET 0x40000 // 256K for u-boot
#define CONFIG_ENV_SIZE 0x20000 // 128K for environment
重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动开发板
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 04:31:22)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
NAND: 256 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
TQ2440 # protect off all;erase 0 +40000;tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;cp.b 32000000 0 40000
Un-Protect Flash Bank # 1
....... done
Erased 7 sectors
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
WARNING: Bad MAC address (uninitialized EEPROM?)
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: T ###############
41 KiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 215572 (34a14 hex)
Copy to Flash... 9....8....7....6....5....4....3....2....1....done
TQ2440 # reset
resetting ...
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 04:31:22)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
NAND: 256 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
出现*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment，这是因为NAND FLASH中没有有效的环境变量，执行saveenv命令将环境变量保存到NAND FLASH，重启就不会有这样的提示了
TQ2440 # saveenv
Saving Environment to NAND...
Erasing NAND...
Erasing at 0x40000 -- 100% complete.
Writing to NAND... OK
TQ2440 # reset
resetting ...
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 04:31:22)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
NAND: 256 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
TQ2440 # mtd
Unknown command 'mtd' - try 'help'
默认没有分区命令，查看一下common/Makefile
140 COBJS-$(CONFIG_CMD_MTDPARTS) += cmd_mtdparts.o
说明需要定义CONFIG_CMD_MTDPARTS才会编译mtd命令
在tq2440.h中其实已经定义了该宏，只是之前被我注释掉了，现在打开它
#if 0
#define CONFIG_CMD_FAT
#define CONFIG_CMD_EXT2
#define CONFIG_CMD_UBI
#define CONFIG_CMD_UBIFS
#endif
#define CONFIG_CMD_MTDPARTS
#if 0
#define CONFIG_MTD_DEVICE
#define CONFIG_MTD_PARTITIONS
#define CONFIG_YAFFS2
#define CONFIG_RBTREE
#endif
重新编译，出错
/home/work/u-boot-2013.01/common/cmd_mtdparts.c:306: undefined reference to `get_mtd_device_nm'
查看代码知道get_mtd_device_nm在drivers/mtd/mtdcore.c中定义，查看drivers/mtd/Makefile
28 COBJS-$(CONFIG_MTD_DEVICE) += mtdcore.o
需要定义CONFIG_MTD_DEVICE才会编译mtdcore.c
在tq2440.h中其实已经定义了该宏，只是之前被我注释掉了，现在打开它
#if 0
#define CONFIG_CMD_FAT
#define CONFIG_CMD_EXT2
#define CONFIG_CMD_UBI
#define CONFIG_CMD_UBIFS
#endif
#define CONFIG_CMD_MTDPARTS
#define CONFIG_MTD_DEVICE
#if 0
#define CONFIG_MTD_PARTITIONS
#define CONFIG_YAFFS2
#define CONFIG_RBTREE
#endif
重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动开发板
TQ2440 # protect off all;erase 0 +40000;tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;cp.b 32000000 0 40000
……
TQ2440 # reset
……
TQ2440 # mtdparts
mtdids not defined, no default present
出错了，搜索mtdids not defined, no default present
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "mtdids not defined, no default present" * -nR
common/cmd_mtdparts.c:1751: printf("mtdids not defined, no default present\n");
查看代码
if (mtdids_default) {
debug("mtdids variable not defined, using default\n");
ids = mtdids_default;
setenv("mtdids", (char *)ids);
} else {
printf("mtdids not defined, no default present\n");
return 1;
}
说明mtdids_default为假，mtdids_default定义为
#if defined(MTDIDS_DEFAULT)
static const char *const mtdids_default = MTDIDS_DEFAULT;
#else
static const char *const mtdids_default = NULL;
#endif
#if defined(MTDPARTS_DEFAULT)
static const char *const mtdparts_default = MTDPARTS_DEFAULT;
#else
static const char *const mtdparts_default = NULL;
#endif
需要在配置文件tq2440.h定义MTDIDS_DEFAULT和MTDPARTS_DEFAULT，参考common/cmd_mtdparts.c
* Examples:
*
* 1 NOR Flash, with 1 single writable partition:
* mtdids=nor0=edb7312-nor
* mtdparts=mtdparts=edb7312-nor:-
*
* 1 NOR Flash with 2 partitions, 1 NAND with one
* mtdids=nor0=edb7312-nor,nand0=edb7312-nand
* mtdparts=mtdparts=edb7312-nor:256k(ARMboot)ro,-(root);edb7312-nand:-(home)
在tq2440.h中定义
#define MTDIDS_DEFAULT "nand0=tq2440-0"
#define MTDPARTS_DEFAULT "mtdparts=tq2440-0:1m(u-boot)," \
"1m(params)," \
"3m(kernel)," \
"-(rootfs)"
在tq2440.h中设置默认环境变量
#define CONFIG_NETMASK 255.255.255.0
#define CONFIG_IPADDR 192.168.1.6
#define CONFIG_SERVERIP 192.168.1.8
#define CONFIG_ETHADDR 00:11:22:33:44:aa
#define CONFIG_BOOTARGS "root=/dev/mtdblock2 rootfstype=yaffs2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200"
#define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND "nand read 32000000 kernel\;bootm 32000000"
重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动开发板
TQ2440 # protect off all;erase 0 +40000;tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;cp.b 32000000 0 40000
……
TQ2440 # reset
……
TQ2440 # mtdparts
mtdparts variable not set, see 'help mtdparts'
no partitions defined
defaults:
mtdids : nand0=tq2440-0
mtdparts: mtdparts=tq2440-0:1m(u-boot),1m(params),3m(kernel),-(rootfs)
TQ2440 # mtdparts default
TQ2440 # save 注意一定要保存，否则重启就没了
TQ2440 # mtdparts
device nand0 <tq2440-0>, # parts = 4
#: name size offset mask_flags
0: u-boot 0x00100000 0x00000000 0
1: params 0x00100000 0x00100000 0
2: kernel 0x00300000 0x00200000 0
3: rootfs 0x0fb00000 0x00500000 0
active partition: nand0,0 - (u-boot) 0x00100000 @ 0x00000000
defaults:
mtdids : nand0=tq2440-0
mtdparts: mtdparts=tq2440-0:1m(u-boot),1m(params),3m(kernel),-(rootfs)
TQ2440 #
八、 支持NAND FLASH启动
新版u-boot在链接时加了“-pie”选项
-pie
Produce a position independent executable on targets which support it. For predictable results, you must also specify the same set of options that were used to generate code (-fpie, -fPIE, or model suboptions) when you specify this option.
产生的代码中，没有绝对地址，全部使用相对地址，故而代码可以被加载器加载到内存的任意
位置，都可以正确的执行。
最终u-boot.bin中多了这些段
.rel.dyn : {
__rel_dyn_start = .;
*(.rel*)
__rel_dyn_end = .;
}
.dynsym : {
__dynsym_start = .;
*(.dynsym)
}
从NOR FLASH把代码复制到SDRAM，程序的链接地址是0，访问全局变量、静态变量、调用函数时是使用基于0地址编译得到的地址，现在把程序复制到了SDRAM(0x3000000),需要修改代码，把原来的地址改为新地址。这样太复杂了，还是使用老版本的方法。
去掉“-pie”选项，在u-boot源码搜索“-pie”
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "\-pie" . -nR
......
./arch/arm/config.mk:83:LDFLAGS_u-boot += -pie
......
去除arch/arm/config.mk:83:LDFLAGS_u-boot += -pie中的“-pie”
82 # needed for relocation
83 #LDFLAGS_u-boot += -pie
修改配置文件include/configs/tq2440.h，给u-boot分配512KB
#define CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE 0x33f80000
增加文件board/tq2440/nand_read_ll.c并修改相应的Makefile
obj-y := tq2440.o
obj-y += nand_read_ll.o
obj-y += lowlevel_init.o
nand_read_ll.c文件内容如下：
/* NAND FLASH控制器 */
#define NFCONF (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x4E000000))
#define NFCONT (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x4E000004))
#define NFCMMD (*((volatile unsigned char *)0x4E000008))
#define NFADDR (*((volatile unsigned char *)0x4E00000C))
#define NFDATA (*((volatile unsigned char *)0x4E000010))
#define NFSTAT (*((volatile unsigned char *)0x4E000020))
static void nand_read_ll(unsigned int addr, unsigned char *buf, unsigned int len);
static int isBootFromNorFlash(void)
{
volatile int *p = (volatile int *)0;
int val;
val = *p;
*p = 0x12345678;
if (*p == 0x12345678)
{
/* 写成功, 是nand启动 */
*p = val;
return 0;
}
else
{
/* NOR不能像内存一样写 */
return 1;
}
}
void nand_init_ll(void)
{
#define TACLS 0
#define TWRPH0 1
#define TWRPH1 0
/* 设置时序 */
NFCONF = (TACLS<<12)|(TWRPH0<<8)|(TWRPH1<<4);
/* 使能NAND Flash控制器, 初始化ECC, 禁止片选 */
NFCONT = (1<<4)|(1<<1)|(1<<0);
}
void copy_code_to_sdram(unsigned char *src, unsigned char *dest, unsigned int len)
{
int i = 0;
/* 如果是NOR启动 */
if (isBootFromNorFlash())
{
while (i < len)
{
dest[i] = src[i];
i++;
}
}
else
{
nand_init_ll();
nand_read_ll((unsigned int)src, dest, len);
}
}
void clear_bss(void)
{
extern int __bss_start, __bss_end;
int *p = &__bss_start;
for (; p < &__bss_end; p++)
*p = 0;
}
static void nand_select(void)
{
NFCONT &= ~(1<<1);
}
static void nand_deselect(void)
{
NFCONT |= (1<<1);
}
static void nand_cmd(unsigned char cmd)
{
volatile int i;
NFCMMD = cmd;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);
}
static void nand_addr(unsigned int addr)
{
unsigned int col = addr % 2048;
unsigned int page = addr / 2048;
volatile int i;
NFADDR = col & 0xff;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);
NFADDR = (col >> 8) & 0xff;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);
NFADDR = page & 0xff;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);
NFADDR = (page >> 8) & 0xff;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);
NFADDR = (page >> 16) & 0xff;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);
}
static void nand_wait_ready(void)
{
while (!(NFSTAT & 1));
}
static unsigned char nand_data(void)
{
return NFDATA;
}
static void nand_read_ll(unsigned int addr, unsigned char *buf, unsigned int len)
{
int col = addr % 2048;
int i = 0;
/* 1. 选中 */
nand_select();
while (i < len)
{
/* 2. 发出读命令00h */
nand_cmd(0x00);
/* 3. 发出地址(分5步发出) */
nand_addr(addr);
/* 4. 发出读命令30h */
nand_cmd(0x30);
/* 5. 判断状态 */
nand_wait_ready();
/* 6. 读数据 */
for (; (col < 2048) && (i < len); col++)
{
buf[i] = nand_data();
i++;
addr++;
}
col = 0;
}
/* 7. 取消选中 */
nand_deselect();
}
通过阅读u-boot源码arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/start.S
#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
bl cpu_init_crit
#endif
bl _main
跳转到arch/arm/lib/crt0.S：_main
修改arch/arm/lib/crt0.S为:
ENTRY(_main)
/*
* Set up initial C runtime environment and call board_init_f(0).
*/
#if defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) && defined(CONFIG_SPL_STACK)
ldr sp, =(CONFIG_SPL_STACK)
#else
ldr sp, =(CONFIG_SYS_INIT_SP_ADDR)
#endif
bic sp, sp, #7 /* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */
sub sp, sp, #GD_SIZE /* allocate one GD above SP */
bic sp, sp, #7 /* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */
mov r9, sp /* GD is above SP */
#if 1
__TEXT_BASE:
.word CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE
mov r0, #0
ldr r1, __TEXT_BASE
ldr r2, __TEXT_BASE
ldr r3, =__bss_end
sub r2, r3, r2
bl copy_code_to_sdram
bl clear_bss
ldr pc, =call_board_init_f
call_board_init_f:
mov r0, #0
bl board_init_f
ldr sp, [r9, #GD_START_ADDR_SP] /* sp = gd->start_addr_sp */
bic sp, sp, #7 /* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */
ldr r9, [r9, #GD_BD] /* r9 = gd->bd */
sub r9, r9, #GD_SIZE /* new GD is below bd */
ldr r1, __TEXT_BASE
bl board_init_r
#else
mov r0, #0
bl board_init_f
#if ! defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD)
/*
* Set up intermediate environment (new sp and gd) and call
* relocate_code(addr_moni). Trick here is that we'll return
* 'here' but relocated.
*/
ldr sp, [r9, #GD_START_ADDR_SP] /* sp = gd->start_addr_sp */
bic sp, sp, #7 /* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */
ldr r9, [r9, #GD_BD] /* r9 = gd->bd */
sub r9, r9, #GD_SIZE /* new GD is below bd */
adr lr, here
ldr r0, [r9, #GD_RELOC_OFF] /* r0 = gd->reloc_off */
add lr, lr, r0
ldr r0, [r9, #GD_RELOCADDR] /* r0 = gd->relocaddr */
b relocate_code
here:
/* Set up final (full) environment */
bl c_runtime_cpu_setup /* we still call old routine here */
ldr r0, =__bss_start /* this is auto-relocated! */
ldr r1, =__bss_end /* this is auto-relocated! */
mov r2, #0x00000000 /* prepare zero to clear BSS */
clbss_l:cmp r0, r1 /* while not at end of BSS */
strlo r2, [r0] /* clear 32-bit BSS word */
addlo r0, r0, #4 /* move to next */
blo clbss_l
bl coloured_LED_init
bl red_led_on
/* call board_init_r(gd_t *id, ulong dest_addr) */
mov r0, r9 /* gd_t */
ldr r1, [r9, #GD_RELOCADDR] /* dest_addr */
/* call board_init_r */
ldr pc, =board_init_r /* this is auto-relocated! */
/* we should not return here. */
#endif
#endif
ENDPROC(_main)
修改arch/arm/lib/board.c中的函数board_init_f为：
然后再board_init_f的结尾添加：
即将board_init_r要用的第一个参数返回，也就是重定向后gd结构体的起始地址。
修改include/common.h：
修改arch/arm/lib/board.c中的函数board_init_f
//addr -= gd->mon_len;
//addr &= ~(4096 - 1);
addr = CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE;
然后编译，编译完成后，执行make u-boot.dis，生成u-boot的反汇编文件，看一下start.o、nand_read_ll.o、lowlevel_init.o是否被连接到了u-boot的前面4KB范围内：
从上面的图中可以看到，copy_code_to_sdram和clear_bss的地址已经超过4KB了，前面我们把CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE设置为了0x33f80000，但是copy_code_to_sdram的地址已经到了0x33f81464，0x33f81464-0x33f80000=0x1464>0x1000，显然超多了4KB（十六进制就是0x1000），所以需要修改链接脚本和Makefile，将nand_read_ll和lowlevel_init.S 链接到uboot的前4KB内，具体做法如下：
修改链接脚本arch/arm/cpu/u-boot.lds把start.o、nand_read_ll.o、lowlevel_init.o编译到前面4KB
修改board/tq2440/Makefile：
obj-y := tq2440.o
extra-y := nand_read_ll.o
extra-y += lowlevel_init.o
修改arch/arm/cpu/u-boot.lds：
. = ALIGN(4);
.text :
{
*(.__image_copy_start)
CPUDIR/start.o (.text*)
board/tq2440/lowlevel_init.o (.text*)
board/tq2440/nand_read_ll.o (.text*)
*(.text*)
}
重新编译：
......
HOSTLD tools/dumpimage
HOSTLD tools/mkimage
CC arch/arm/lib/board.o
LD arch/arm/lib/built-in.o
AS board/tq2440/lowlevel_init.o
CC common/main.o
CC common/cmd_version.o
LD common/built-in.o
CC lib/display_options.o
LD lib/built-in.o
LDS u-boot.lds
LD u-boot
u-boot contains unexpected relocations:
make: *** [checkarmreloc] Error 1
搜索 “u-boot contains unexpected relocations”
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "u-boot contains unexpected relocations" * -nR
没有搜索到任何内容，那么我们搜索checkarmreloc：
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "checkarmreloc" * -nR
arch/arm/config.mk:105:ALL-y += checkarmreloc
Makefile:1123:checkarmreloc: u-boot
在顶层Makefile中有如下语句:
1121 # ARM relocations should all be R_ARM_RELATIVE (32-bit) or
1122 # R_AARCH64_RELATIVE (64-bit).
1123 checkarmreloc: u-boot
1124 @RELOC="`$(CROSS_COMPILE)readelf -r -W $< | cut -d ' ' -f 4 | \
1125 grep R_A | sort -u`"; \
1126 if test "$$RELOC" != "R_ARM_RELATIVE" -a \
1127 "$$RELOC" != "R_AARCH64_RELATIVE"; then \
1128 echo "$< contains unexpected relocations: $$RELOC"; \
1129 false; \
1130 fi
那么我们就别编译checkarmreloc了，所以我们修改arch/arm/config.mk的第105行：
105 #ALL-y += checkarmreloc
重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动开发板，将u-boot.bin烧到NAND FLASH
TQ2440 # nand erase 0 40000;tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;nand write 32000000 0 40000
NAND erase: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x40000
Erasing at 0x20000 -- 100% complete.
OK
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 00:0c:29:2a:5c:a5
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: T ###############
39.1 KiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 209400 (331f8 hex)
NAND write: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x40000
262144 bytes written: OK
TQ2440 #
从NAND FLASh启动开发板
TQ2440 # reset
resetting ...
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 07:58:40)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: *** failed ***
### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###
卡在这里不动了，由于从NAND启动，CPU检测不到NOR FLASH，具体代码如下arch/arm/lib/board.c
flash_size = flash_init();
if (flash_size > 0) {
# ifdef CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM
print_size(flash_size, "");
/*
* Compute and print flash CRC if flashchecksum is set to 'y'
*
* NOTE: Maybe we should add some WATCHDOG_RESET()? XXX
*/
if (getenv_yesno("flashchecksum") == 1) {
printf(" CRC: %08X", crc32(0,
(const unsigned char *) CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE,
flash_size));
}
putc('\n');
# else /* !CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM */
print_size(flash_size, "\n");
# endif /* CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM */
} else {
puts(failed);
hang();
}
其中failed定义为
#if !defined(CONFIG_SYS_NO_FLASH)
static char *failed = "*** failed ***\n";
#endif
函数hang()定义为
void hang(void)
{
puts("### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###\n");
for (;;);
}
我们直接注释掉上面的hang();
# endif /* CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM */
} else {
puts(failed);
//hang();
}
#endif
重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动开发板，将u-boot.bin烧到NAND FLASH，从NAND启动
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: *** failed ***
NAND: 256 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
TQ2440 #
九、 支持烧写yaffs文件系统
执行? Nand
TQ2440 # ? nand
nand - NAND sub-system
Usage:
……
没有.yaffs后缀，在源码目录搜索.yaffs
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "\.yaffs" * -nR
......
common/cmd_nand.c:709: } else if (!strcmp(s, ".yaffs")) {
......
查看代码
708 #ifdef CONFIG_CMD_NAND_YAFFS
709 } else if (!strcmp(s, ".yaffs")) {
710 if (read) {
711 printf("Unknown nand command suffix '%s'.\n", s);
712 return 1;
713 }
714 ret = nand_write_skip_bad(nand, off, &rwsize, NULL,
715 maxsize, (u_char *)addr,
716 WITH_YAFFS_OOB);
717 #endif
需要在配置文件tq2440.h中定义CONFIG_CMD_NAND_YAFFS
#define CONFIG_CMD_NAND_YAFFS
重新编译，烧写到NandFlash中：
TQ2440 # nand ?
nand - NAND sub-system
Usage:
……
nand write.yaffs - addr off|partition size
write 'size' bytes starting at offset 'off' with yaffs format
from memory address 'addr', skipping bad blocks.
……
TQ2440 #
先直接烧写试一下
TQ2440 # tftp 32000000 uImage;nand erase.part kernel;
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 00:0c:29:2a:5c:a5
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'uImage'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: T #################################################################
#################################################################
############################
361.3 KiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 2317984 (235ea0 hex)
NAND erase.part: mtdparts variable not set, see 'help mtdparts'
incorrect device type in kernel
TQ2440 # mtdpart default
TQ2440 # saveenv
Saving Environment to NAND...
Erasing NAND...
Erasing at 0x40000 -- 100% complete.
Writing to NAND... OK
TQ2440 # nand erase.part kernel
NAND erase.part: device 0 offset 0x200000, size 0x300000
Erasing at 0x4e0000 -- 100% complete.
OK
TQ2440 # nand write 32000000 kernel 烧写内核
NAND write: device 0 offset 0x200000, size 0x300000
3145728 bytes written: OK
TQ2440 # tftp 30000000 root.bin 确保yaffs文件系统是好的
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 00:0c:29:2a:5c:a5
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'root.bin'.
Load address: 0x30000000
Loading: T #################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
##########
778.3 KiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 6825984 (682800 hex)
TQ2440 # nand erase.part rootfs
TQ2440 # nand write.yaffs 30000000 rootfs $filesize
设置u-boot启动参数
TQ2440 # set bootargs root=/dev/mtdblock2 rootfstype=yaffs2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
TQ2440 # set bootcmd nand read 32000000 kernel\;bootm 32000000
TQ2440 # save
TQ2440 # reset
resetting ...
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 08:14:15)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: *** failed ***
NAND: 256 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
NAND read: device 0 offset 0x200000, size 0x300000
3145728 bytes read: OK
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 32000000 ...
Image Name: Linux-3.8.7
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 2317920 Bytes = 2.2 MiB
Load Address: 30008000
Entry Point: 30008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Error: unrecognized/unsupported machine ID (r1 = 0x000000c1).
Available machine support:
ID (hex) NAME
000000a8 SMDK2440
Please check your kernel config and/or bootloader.
不支持的机器ID
由于我用的是tq2440自带的内核，tq2440的机器ID是168，修改arch/arm/mach-types.h，添加TQ2440的机器ID
两种解决办法：
1、 设置环境变量machid
TQ2440 # set machid a8
TQ2440 # save
2、 修改board/tq2440/tq2440.c: board_init函数
gd->bd->bi_arch_number = MACH_TYPE_TQ2440;
解决后重启开发板
resetting ...
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 08:14:15)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: *** failed ***
NAND: 256 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
NAND read: device 0 offset 0x200000, size 0x300000
3145728 bytes read: OK
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 32000000 ...
Image Name: Linux-2.6.30.4-EmbedSky
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 2415756 Bytes = 2.3 MiB
Load Address: 30008000
Entry Point: 30008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
Using machid 0xa8 from environment
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux................................................................................................................................................................ done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.30.4-EmbedSky (pengdl@debian) (gcc version 4.3.3 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q1-176) ) #1 Sat Jun 21 02:35:07 EDT 2014
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
................
NET: Registered protocol family 17
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
lib80211: common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers
s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: setting system clock to 2013-03-03 18:07:17 UTC (1362334037)
yaffs: dev is 32505858 name is "mtdblock2"
yaffs: passed flags ""
yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 31.2, "mtdblock2"
block 325 is bad
block 330 is bad
block 519 is bad
block 1252 is bad
block 1753 is bad
block 1754 is bad
yaffs_read_super: isCheckpointed 0
VFS: Mounted root (yaffs2 filesystem) on device 31:2.
Freeing init memory: 240K
Warning: unable to open an initial console.
Failed to execute /linuxrc. Attempting defaults...
Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel.
Backtrace:
[<c0048fd4>] (dump_backtrace+0x0/0x10c) from [<c036f630>] (dump_stack+0x18/0x1c)
r7:00000000 r6:c04e8d40 r5:c04e8700 r4:c04b0248
[<c036f618>] (dump_stack+0x0/0x1c) from [<c036f680>] (panic+0x4c/0x124)
[<c036f634>] (panic+0x0/0x124) from [<c00444f0>] (init_post+0xec/0x178)
r3:00000000 r2:00000000 r1:c051f000 r0:c043c77c
[<c0044404>] (init_post+0x0/0x178) from [<c000847c>] (kernel_init+0xcc/0xf4)
r5:c001f860 r4:c001fcc8
[<c00083b0>] (kernel_init+0x0/0xf4) from [<c0059f30>] (do_exit+0x0/0x620)
r7:00000000 r6:00000000 r5:00000000 r4:00000000
已经挂载上yaffs2文件系统，因为yaffs文件系统是好的，所以是u-boot烧写yaffs文件系统的问题
YAFFS中，文件是以固定大小的数据块进行存储的，块的大小可以是512字节、1 024字节或者2 048字节。这种实现依赖于它能够将一个数据块头和每个数据块关联起来。每个文件（包括目录）都有一个数据块头与之相对应，数据块头中保存了ECC(Error Correction Code)和文件系统的组织信息，用于错误检测和坏块处理。
TQ2440开发板用的NAND FLASH每页2k
用UltraEdit打开刚才烧写的root.bin文件和烧到NAND FLASH里的数据对比
在u-boot中执行
TQ2440 # nand dump 500000
Page 00500000 dump:
03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00
………………………………………………
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
OOB:
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
aa 9a a7 ff f3 03 ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TQ2440 #
通过对比发现烧到NAND FLASH里的数据和原文件不一致
查看代码common/cmd_nand.c
#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_NAND_YAFFS
} else if (!strcmp(s, ".yaffs")) {
if (read) {
printf("Unknown nand command suffix '%s'.\n", s);
return 1;
}
ret = nand_write_skip_bad(nand, off, &rwsize,
(u_char *)addr,
WITH_YAFFS_OOB);
#endif
调用函数drivers/mtd/nand/nand_util.c: nand_write_skip_bad,注意这里传入了一个标志WITH_YAFFS_OOB
drivers/mtd/nand/nand_util.c：nand_write_skip_bad()函数
if (!need_skip && !(flags & WITH_DROP_FFS)) {
rval = nand_write (nand, offset, length, buffer);
这里如果没有坏块而且没有指定WITH_DROP_FFS标志就执行nand_write (nand, offset, length, buffer);
而我们需要执行write_oob(nand, offset, &ops);所以应该加上之前传入的参数
if (!need_skip && !(flags & WITH_DROP_FFS) && !(flags & WITH_YAFFS_OOB))
ops.mode = MTD_OOB_RAW; /* 原来为AUTO，应该为原始 */
重新编译，烧写新的u-boot.bin，重新烧写yaffs文件系统
TQ2440 # nand erase.part u-boot;tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;nand write 32000000 u-boot
TQ2440 # reset
TQ2440 # tftp 0x32000000 root.bin;nand erase.part rootfs;nand write.yaffs 0x32000000 rootfs $filesize
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 00:0c:29:2a:5c:a5
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'root.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: T #################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
##########
777.3 KiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 6825984 (682800 hex)
NAND erase.part: device 0 offset 0x500000, size 0xfb00000
Skipping bad block at 0x02d80000
Skipping bad block at 0x02e20000
Skipping bad block at 0x045c0000
Skipping bad block at 0x0a160000
Skipping bad block at 0x0e000000
Skipping bad block at 0x0e020000
Erasing at 0xffe0000 -- 100% complete.
OK
NAND write: device 0 offset 0x500000, size 0x682800
6825984 bytes written: OK
TQ2440 # reset
……
s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: setting system clock to 2013-03-03 18:11:59 UTC (1362334319)
yaffs: dev is 32505858 name is "mtdblock2"
yaffs: passed flags ""
yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 31.2, "mtdblock2"
block 325 is bad
block 330 is bad
block 519 is bad
block 1252 is bad
block 1753 is bad
block 1754 is bad
yaffs_read_super: isCheckpointed 0
VFS: Mounted root (yaffs2 filesystem) on device 31:2.
Freeing init memory: 240K
mmc0: new SDHC card at address 1234
mmcblk0: mmc0:1234 SA04G 3.63 GiB
mmcblk0: p1
FAT: utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems, filesystem will be case sensitive!
Please press Enter to activate this console.
[root@TQ2440 /]#
[root@TQ2440 /]#
十、 添加NAND FLASH 硬件ECC
在tq2440.h中定义如下宏
#define CONFIG_S3C2440_NAND_HWECC
#ifdef CONFIG_S3C2440_NAND_HWECC
#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCSIZE 2048
#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCBYTES 4
#endif
修改arch/arm/include/asm/arch-s3c24x0/s3c24x0.h：s3c2440_nand结构体，添加寄存器
u32 nfstat0;
u32 nfstat1;
u32 nfmecc0;
u32 nfmecc1;
u32 nfsecc;
u32 nfsblk;
u32 nfeblk;
修改drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2440_nand.c
void s3c2440_nand_enable_hwecc(struct mtd_info *mtd, int mode)
{
struct s3c2440_nand *nand = s3c2440_get_base_nand();
debug("s3c2440_nand_enable_hwecc(%p, %d)\n", mtd, mode);
/* 初始化ECC */
writel(readl(&nand->nfcont) | (1 << 4), &nand->nfcont);
}
static int s3c2440_nand_calculate_ecc(struct mtd_info *mtd, const u_char *dat,
u_char *ecc_code)
{
struct s3c2440_nand *nand = s3c2440_get_base_nand();
writel(readl(&nand->nfcont)| (1 << 5),&nand->nfcont); /* 锁定main区ECC */
/* 读取寄存器NFMECC0，该寄存器存放着由硬件生成的main区ECC */
u32 mecc0;
mecc0 = readl(&nand->nfmecc0);
ecc_code[0] = mecc0 & 0xff;
ecc_code[1] = (mecc0 >> 8) &0xff;
ecc_code[2] = (mecc0 >> 16) &0xff;
ecc_code[3] =(mecc0 >> 24) & 0xff;
debug("s3c2440_nand_calculate_hwecc(%p,): 0x%02x 0x%02x 0x%02x 0x%02x\n",
mtd , ecc_code[0], ecc_code[1], ecc_code[2], ecc_code[3]);
return 0;
}
static int s3c2440_nand_correct_data(struct mtd_info *mtd, u_char *dat,
u_char *read_ecc, u_char *calc_ecc)
{
struct s3c2440_nand *nand = s3c2440_get_base_nand();
u32 meccdata0, meccdata1, estat0, err_byte_addr;
int ret = -1;
u8 repaired;
meccdata0 = (read_ecc[1] << 16) | read_ecc[0];
meccdata1 = (read_ecc[3] << 16) | read_ecc[2];
writel(meccdata0, &nand->nfeccd0);
writel(meccdata1, &nand->nfeccd1);
/*Read ecc status */
estat0 = readl(&nand->nfstat0);
switch(estat0 & 0x3) {
case 0: /* No error */
ret= 0;
break;
case 1:
/*
* 1 bit error (Correctable)
* (nfestat0 >> 7) & 0x7ff :error byte number
* (nfestat0 >> 4) & 0x7 :error bit number
*/
err_byte_addr = (estat0 >> 7) & 0x7ff;
repaired = dat[err_byte_addr] ^ (1 << ((estat0 >> 4) & 0x7));
printf("s3c2440_nand_correct_data: 1 bit error detected at byte %ld. Correcting from 0x%02x to 0x%02x...OK\n",
err_byte_addr, dat[err_byte_addr], repaired);
dat[err_byte_addr] = repaired;
ret= 0;
break;
case 2: /* Multiple error */
case 3: /* ECC area error */
printf("s3c2440_nand_correct_data: ECC uncorrectable errordetected. " "Not correctable.\n");
ret= -1;
break;
}
return ret;
}
在tq2440.h中定义CONFIG_MTD_NAND_VERIFY_WRITE实现把所写的数据再读取一遍，然后与被写入的数据之间进行比较来判断所写数据的正确性。
#define CONFIG_MTD_NAND_VERIFY_WRITE
drivers/mtd/nand/nand_base.c：nand_write_page函数
#ifdef CONFIG_MTD_NAND_VERIFY_WRITE
/* Send command to read back the data */
chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_READ0, 0, page);
if (chip->verify_buf(mtd, buf, mtd->writesize))
return -EIO;
#endif
十一、 最后
最后可以将malloc区域的大小重新改成4M+160KB，修改tq2440.h：
#define CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN (2 * 1024 * 1024)
改为：
#define CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN (4 * 1024 * 1024)
重新编译，下载运行，正常。
十二、 制作补丁
进入将刚才移植好的u-boot-2014.04顶层目录，执行如下命令
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440$ mv u-boot-2014.04 u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_god_v2
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440$ cd u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_god_v2
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_god_v2$ make distclean
解压未修改过的
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440$ tar -xjf u-boot-2014.04.tar.bz2
制作补丁
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440$ diff -urwNB u-boot-2014.04 u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_god_v2/ > u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_v2.patch
打补丁
进入未修改的u-boot-2014.04源码目录
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ patch -p1 < ../u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_v2.patch
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ make tq2440_config
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ make
十三、 用到的一些命令：
向NorFlash中烧写uboot:
protect off all
tftp 0x30000000 u-boot.bin
erase 0 +40000
cp.b 0x30000000 0x0 0x40000
向NandFlash中烧写uboot
tftp 0x30000000 u-boot.bin
nand erase.part u-boot
#前提是在tq2440中做了配置：
#define MTDIDS_DEFAULT "nand0=tq2440-0"
#define MTDPARTS_DEFAULT "mtdparts=tq2440-0:1m(u-boot)," \
"1m(params)," \
"3m(kernel)," \
"-(rootfs)"
#参见第七步
nand write 0x30000000 u-boot 0x40000
向NandFlash中烧写内核：
tftp 0x30000000 uImage
nand erase.part kernel
nand write 0x30000000 kernel 0x300000
向NandFlash中烧写yaffs格式的rootfs
tftp 0x30000000 root.bin
nand erase.part rootfs
nand write.yaffs 0x30000000 rootfs $filesize
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