Linux查看系统硬件信息(实例详解)

文章由LinuxBoy分享于2019-03-24 03:03:31热评（294）

Linux查看系统硬件信息(实例详解)

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blue@blue-pc:~$ lscpu

Architecture: i686 #cpu架构

CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit

Byte Order: Little Endian #小尾序

CPU(s): 4 #总共有4核

On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3

Thread(s) per core: 1 #每个cpu核，只能支持一个线程，即不支持超线程

Core(s) per socket: 4 #每个cpu，有4个核

Socket(s): 1 #总共有1一个cpu

Vendor ID: GenuineIntel #cpu产商 intel

CPU family: 6

Model: 42

Stepping: 7

CPU MHz: 1600.000

BogoMIPS: 5986.12

Virtualization: VT-x #支持cpu虚拟化技术

L1d cache: 32K

L1i cache: 32K

L2 cache: 256K

L3 cache: 6144K

查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每个cpu信息，如每个CPU的型号，主频等。

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#cat /proc/cpuinfo

processor : 0

vendor_id : GenuineIntel

cpu family : 6

model : 42

model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2320 CPU @ 3.00GHz

.....

上面输出的是第一个cpu部分信息，还有3个cpu信息省略了。

内存

概要查看内存情况

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free -m

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 3926 3651 274 0 12 404

-/+ buffers/cache: 3235 691

Swap: 9536 31 9505

这里的单位是MB，总共的内存是3926MB。

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# cat /proc/meminfo

MemTotal: 4020868 kB

MemFree: 230884 kB

Buffers: 7600 kB

Cached: 454772 kB

SwapCached: 836 kB

.....

查看内存硬件信息

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dmidecode -t memory

# dmidecode 2.11

SMBIOS 2.7 present.

Handle 0x0008, DMI type 16, 23 bytes

Physical Memory Array

Location: System Board Or Motherboard

....

Maximum Capacity: 32 GB

....

Handle 0x000A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes

....

Memory Device

Array Handle: 0x0008

Error Information Handle: Not Provided

Total Width: 64 bits

Data Width: 64 bits

Size: 4096 MB

.....

我的主板有4个槽位，只用了一个槽位，上面插了一条4096MB的内存。

磁盘

查看硬盘和分区分布

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# lsblk

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk

├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot

├─sda2 8:2 0 9.3G 0 part [SWAP]

├─sda3 8:3 0 74.5G 0 part /

├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part

├─sda5 8:5 0 111.8G 0 part /home

└─sda6 8:6 0 269.2G 0 part

显示很直观

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# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes

heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00023728

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 2048 2148351 1073152 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 2148352 21680127 9765888 82 Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sda3 21680128 177930239 78125056 83 Linux

/dev/sda4 177932286 976771071 399419393 5 Extended/dev/sda5 177932288 412305407 117186560 83 Linux

/dev/sda6 412307456 976771071 282231808 83 Linux

网卡

查看网卡硬件信息

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# lspci | grep -i 'eth'

02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06)

查看系统的所有网络接口

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# ifconfig -a

eth0 Link encap:以太网硬件地址 b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f

.....

lo Link encap:本地环回

.....

或者是

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ip link show

1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state DOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

如果要查看某个网络接口的详细信息，例如eth0的详细参数和指标

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# ethtool eth0

Settings for eth0:

Supported ports: [ TP MII ]

Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full

100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full

1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full #支持千兆半双工，全双工模式

Supported pause frame use: No

Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #支持自适应模式，一般都支持

Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full

100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full

1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full

Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only

Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes #默认使用自适应模式

Link partner advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full

100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full

.....

Speed: 100Mb/s #现在网卡的速度是100Mb,网卡使用自适应模式，所以推测路由是100Mb，导致网卡从支持千兆，变成要支持百兆

Duplex: Full #全双工

.....

Link detected: yes #表示有网线连接，和路由是通的

其他

查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息。

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lspci

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) #主板芯片

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) #显卡

00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) #usb控制器

00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)

00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04)

00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) #声卡

00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) #pci 插槽

00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev c4)

00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4)

00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04)

00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04)

00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口

00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04)

00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 2 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口

02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) #网卡

03:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8893 (rev 41)

如果要更详细的信息:lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv

如果要看设备树:lscpi -t

查看bios信息

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# dmidecode -t bios

......

BIOS Information

Vendor: American Megatrends Inc.

Version: 4.6.5

Release Date: 04/25/2012

.......

BIOS Revision: 4.6

......

dmidecode以一种可读的方式dump出机器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。这些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS，既可以得到当前的配置，也可以得到系统支持的最大配置，比如说支持的最大内存数等。

如果要查看所有有用信息

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dmidecode -q

里面包含了很多硬件信息。

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