UNIX Shell控制结构—IF


UNIX Shell控制结构—IF
 
流控制(Decision Making)
IF语句有三种格式:
第一种:if ... fi statement
  www.2cto.com  
下面是一个实例:
[plain] 
cat if1.sh  
#!/bin/sh  
a=10  
b=20  
#①  
if [ $a -eq $b ]; then  
  echo "a is equal to b";  
fi  
if [ $a -gt $b ]; then  
  echo "a is great than b";  
fi  
#②  
if [ $a -lt  $b ]  
then  
  echo "a is less than b";  
fi  
# the EOF  
注意:  www.2cto.com  
①条件和处理命令分开的一种写法:
if 条件; then
处理命令
fi
②条件和处理命令分开的另一种写法:
if 条件
then
处理命令
fi
这里需要根据个人习惯去选择。
 
上面的例子中,变量的值是赋死了的,若要给此脚本传递两个参数,可做如下修改:
[plain] 
cat if1.sh  
#!/bin/sh  
# a=10  
# b=20  
if [ $1 -eq $2 ]; then  
  echo "the first number is equal to the second";  
fi  
if [ $1 -gt $2 ]; then  
  echo "the first number is great than the second";  
fi  
if [ $1 -lt  $2 ]  
then  
  echo "the first number is less than the second";  
fi  
# the EOF  
 
给脚本传递参数,只需要在sh命令后面添加即可,使用空格隔开:
[plain] 
sh if1.sh 1 2  
the first number is less than the second  
sh if1.sh 12 1  
the first number is great than the second  
sh if1.sh 1 1  
the first number is equal to the second  
 
第二种:if ... else ... fi,具体如下:
if [ expression ]
then
    statement(s) to be sxecuted if expression is true
else
    statement(s) to be sxecuted if expression is not true
fi
 
一个简单的实例
[plain] 
cat ifparam.sh  
#!/bin/sh  
if [ $# -lt 3 ]; then  
   echo "Usage:`basename $0` arg1 arg2 arg3" >&2  
   exit 1  
fi  
#EOF  
echo "arg1:$1"
echo "arg1:$2"
echo "arg1:$3"
脚本注解:
1.$#表示参数输入的个数
2.basename $0打印文件的名称
3.若输入小于三个参数则,将输出一个信息,这个信息被当做是错误信息(>&2)。
执行脚本:
sh ifparam.sh scott tom
Usage:ifparam.sh arg1 arg2 arg3
 
sh ifparam.sh scott tom jim
arg1:scott
arg1:tom
arg1:jim
 
再来看一个测试:
[plain] 
cat ifeditor.sh  
#!/bin/csh  
#if [ -z $EDITOR ]①  
#if [ -z "`echo $EDITOR`" ]③  
#下面这种写法不能正确的计算出环境的值  
#因为wc -c计算包括新的空的行  
#if [ `echo $EDITOR | wc -c` -eq 0 ]②  
if [ -z "`echo $EDITOR`" ]  
 then  
   echo "Your EDITOR environment is not set"  
else  
   echo "Using $EDITOR as the default editor"  
fi  
#EOF  
sh ifeditor.sh
Your EDITOR environment is not set
这里使用三种方式去检测环境变量是否设置;
①直接报错:语法错误
②正确写法,使用test检测,-z表示如果为设置则长度为0返回值为true
③wc -c计算包括了空行,所以不准确
 
第三种:if ... elif ... fi,具体如下:
[plain] 
if [ expression 1 ]; then  
   statement(s) to be sxecuted if expression 1 is true  
elif [ expression 2 ]; then  
   statement(s) to be sxecuted if expression 2 is true  
elif [ expression 3 ]; then  
   statement(s) to be sxecuted if expression 3 is true  
else  
   statement(s) to be sxecuted if no expression is true  
fi  
下面是一个比较两个数字大小的例子:
[plain] 
cat elif.sh  
#!/bin/sh  
if [ $1 == $2 ]; then  
   echo "the first number is equal to the next"  
elif [ $1 -gt $2 ]; then  
   echo "the first number is great than the next"  
elif [ $1 -lt $2 ]; then  
   echo "the first number is great than the next"  
else  
   echo "None of the condition met"  
fi  
#EOF  
当不输入任何数字的时候,也就是为空,结果如下:
sh elif.sh
the first number is equal to the next
当输入数字的时候,如下:
sh elif.sh 10 20
elif.sh: test: unknown operator ==
这种情况,我们可以将其错误信息输入到一个文件当中,如下:
sh elif.sh 10 20 > log.txt 2>&1
cat log.txt
elif.sh: test: unknown operator ==
当将“==”号修改为-eq,结果如下:
sh elif.sh 10 20
the first number is less than the next
 
下面是一个if的实例,包括这三种命令格式;
脚本的作用是创建一个目录,如果不输入任何值,则打印脚本的作用说明;
输入则提示是否创建,输入非提示,则报错误,否则按提示走。
[plain] 
#!/bin/sh  
DIR=$1  
if [ "$DIR" = "" ]; then  
   echo "Usage:`basename $0` directory to create" >&2  
   exit 1  
fi  
  
  
if [ -d $DIR ]; then  
   echo "Directory $DIR exists"  
else  
   echo "The Directory does exist"  
   echo -n "Create it now?[y..n]:"  
   read ANS  
   if [ "$ANS" = "y" ] || [ "$ANS" = "Y" ]; then  
      echo "creating now"  
      mkdir $DIR > log.txt 2>&1  
      if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then  
         echo "Errors creating the directory $DIR" >&2  
         exit 1  
      fi  
      echo "Creating successful"  
   elif [ "$ANS" = "n" ] || [ "$ANS" = "N" ]; then  
      echo "Giving up creating directory $DIR"  
   else  
      echo "Bad input"  
   fi  
fi  
#EOF  
1.不输入参数
sh ifmkdir.sh
Usage:ifmkdir.sh directory to create
2.输入一个存在的目录,提示目录已经存在:
sh ifmkdir.sh test
Directory test exists
查看确实有test目录:
[ -d test ]
echo $?
0
创建test1目录:sh ifmkdir.sh test1
The Directory does exist
Create it now?[y..n]:y
creating now
Creating successful
3.执行脚本,但不想创建目录:
sh ifmkdir.sh test2
The Directory does exist
Create it now?[y..n]:n
Giving up creating directory test2
4.执行脚本时,不按照提示输入:
sh ifmkdir.sh test2
The Directory does exist
Create it now?[y..n]:d
Bad input

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