linux常用帮助命令man、whatis、apropos、--help、help+命令,whatisapropos
linux常用帮助命令man、whatis、apropos、--help、help+命令,whatisapropos
Linux帮助命令
man命令在内部是使用more来查看帮助文件的,所以可以使用more命令的一些快捷键
当命令和配置文件名相同时,可以通过man 1 passwd查看命令帮助,man 5 passwd查看配置文件帮助
两种帮助文件(命令和配置文件相同时)
1.命令的帮助
5.配置文件的帮助
一、man查看命令帮助
在man阅读命令信息下按/输入搜索内容可以在当前文本中查找,同时按n跳转到下一个查找到的内容二、man查看配置文件帮助
man 配置文件名不能以绝对路径查看,否则是打印文件内容
三、其他相关命令
3.1、whatis只查看命令简短帮助文档信息
[root@localhost ~]# whatis ifconfig ifconfig (8) - 配置网络接口
3.2、apropos只查看配置文件简短帮助文档信息
[root@localhost ~]# apropos ifconfig ifconfig (8) - 配置网络接口 ifcfg (8) - simplistic script which replaces ifconfig IP management pifconfig (8) - display information about a network interface
3.3、命令后加–help查看常见的命令选项信息
[root@localhost ~]# ls --help 用法:ls [选项]... [文件]... List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -a, --all 不隐藏任何以. 开始的项目 -A, --almost-all 列出除. 及.. 以外的任何项目 --author 与-l 同时使用时列出每个文件的作者 -b, --escape 以八进制溢出序列表示不可打印的字符 --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., '--block-size=M' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below -B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~ -c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information); with -l: show ctime and sort by name; otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first -C list entries by columns --color[=WHEN] colorize the output; WHEN can be 'never', 'auto', or 'always' (the default); more info below -d, --directory list directories themselves, not their contents -D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode -f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color -F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries --file-type likewise, except do not append '*' --format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C --full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso -g 类似-l,但不列出所有者 --group-directories-first group directories before files; can be augmented with a --sort option, but any use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping -G, --no-group 以一个长列表的形式,不输出组名 -h, --human-readable 与-l 一起,以易于阅读的格式输出文件大小 (例如 1K 234M 2G) --si 同上面类似,但是使用1000 为基底而非1024 -H, --dereference-command-line follow symbolic links listed on the command line --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir follow each command line symbolic link that points to a directory --hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or -A) --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash (-p), file-type (--file-type), classify (-F) -i, --inode print the index number of each file -I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN -k, --kibibytes default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage -l 使用较长格式列出信息 -L, --dereference 当显示符号链接的文件信息时,显示符号链接所指示 的对象而并非符号链接本身的信息 -m 所有项目以逗号分隔,并填满整行行宽 -n, --numeric-uid-gid 类似 -l,但列出UID 及GID 号 -N, --literal 输出未经处理的项目名称 (如不特别处理控制字符) -o 类似 -l,但不列出有关组的信息 -p, --indicator-style=slash 对目录加上表示符号"/" -q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of nongraphic characters --show-control-chars show nongraphic characters as-is (the default, unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal) -Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes --quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape -r, --reverse 逆序排列 -R, --recursive 递归显示子目录 -s, --size 以块数形式显示每个文件分配的尺寸 -S sort by file size --sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S), time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X) --time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of default modification time: atime or access or use (-u) ctime or status (-c); also use specified time as sort key if --sort=time --time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT; FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'; if FORMAT is FORMAT1FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files; if STYLE is prefixed with 'posix-', STYLE takes effect only outside the POSIX locale -t sort by modification time, newest first -T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8 -u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time; with -l: show access time and sort by name; otherwise: sort by access time -U do not sort; list entries in directory order -v natural sort of (version) numbers within text -w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value -x list entries by lines instead of by columns -X sort alphabetically by entry extension -1 list one file per line SELinux options: --lcontext Display security context. Enable -l. Lines will probably be too wide for most displays. -Z, --context Display security context so it fits on most displays. Displays only mode, user, group, security context and file name. --scontext Display only security context and file name. --help 显示此帮助信息并退出 --version 显示版本信息并退出 SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024). Units are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).
3.4、help+命令 查看Shell内置命令
查不到命令路径的都是Shell内置命令
[root@localhost temp]# help umask umask: umask [-p] [-S] [模式] 显示或设定文件模式掩码。 设定用户文件创建掩码为 MODE 模式。如果省略了 MODE,则 打印当前掩码的值。 如果MODE 模式以数字开头,则被当作八进制数解析;否则是一个 chmod(1) 可接收的符号模式串。 选项: -p 如果省略 MDOE 模式,以可重用为输入的格式输入 -S 以符号形式输出,否则以八进制数格式输出 退出状态: 返回成功,除非使用了无效的 MODE 模式或者选项。
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