Linux tar命令详解

Linux tar命令详解

最近在Linux下使用tar命令，老把参数弄混。遂决定写此文以备查询使用。在Linux下查看tar命令帮助：tar --help会出现一大片的信息，最后。

Usage: tar [OPTION...] [FILE]...
GNU `tar' saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can
restore individual files from the archive.Examples:
  tar -cf archive.tar foo bar  # Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.
  tar -tvf archive.tar        # List all files in archive.tar verbosely.
  tar -xf archive.tar          # Extract all files from archive.tar. Main operation mode:  -A, --catenate, --concatenate  append tar files to an archive
  -c, --create              create a new archive
  -d, --diff, --compare      find differences between archive and file system
      --delete              delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!)
  -r, --append              append files to the end of an archive
  -t, --list                list the contents of an archive
      --test-label          test the archive volume label and exit
  -u, --update              only append files newer than copy in archive
  -x, --extract, --get      extract files from an archive Operation modifiers:      --check-device        check device numbers when creating incremental
                            archives (default)
  -g, --listed-incremental=FILE  handle new GNU-format incremental backup
  -G, --incremental          handle old GNU-format incremental backup
      --ignore-failed-read  do not exit with nonzero on unreadable files
      --level=NUMBER        dump level for created listed-incremental archive
  -n, --seek                archive is seekable
      --no-check-device      do not check device numbers when creating
                            incremental archives
      --no-seek              archive is not seekable
      --occurrence[=NUMBER]  process only the NUMBERth occurrence of each file
                            in the archive; this option is valid only in
                            conjunction with one of the subcommands --delete,
                            --diff, --extract or --list and when a list of
                            files is given either on the command line or via
                            the -T option; NUMBER defaults to 1
      --sparse-version=MAJOR[.MINOR]
                            set version of the sparse format to use (implies
                            --sparse)
  -S, --sparse              handle sparse files efficiently Overwrite control:  -k, --keep-old-files      don't replace existing files when extracting
      --keep-newer-files    don't replace existing files that are newer than
                            their archive copies
      --no-overwrite-dir    preserve metadata of existing directories
      --overwrite            overwrite existing files when extracting
      --overwrite-dir        overwrite metadata of existing directories when
                            extracting (default)
      --recursive-unlink    empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory
      --remove-files        remove files after adding them to the archive
  -U, --unlink-first        remove each file prior to extracting over it
  -W, --verify              attempt to verify the archive after writing it Select output stream:      --ignore-command-error ignore exit codes of children
      --no-ignore-command-error  treat non-zero exit codes of children as
                            error
  -O, --to-stdout            extract files to standard output
      --to-command=COMMAND  pipe extracted files to another program Handling of file attributes:      --acls                Save the ACLs to the archive
      --atime-preserve[=METHOD]  preserve access times on dumped files, either
                            by restoring the times after reading
                            (METHOD='replace'; default) or by not setting the
                            times in the first place (METHOD='system')
      --delay-directory-restore  delay setting modification times and
                            permissions of extracted directories until the end
                            of extraction
      --group=NAME          force NAME as group for added files
      --mode=CHANGES        force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files
      --mtime=DATE-OR-FILE  set mtime for added files from DATE-OR-FILE
  -m, --touch                don't extract file modified time
      --no-acls              Don't extract the ACLs from the archive
      --no-delay-directory-restore
                            cancel the effect of --delay-directory-restore
                            option
      --no-same-owner        extract files as yourself (default for ordinary
                            users)
      --no-same-permissions  apply the user's umask when extracting permissions
                            from the archive (default for ordinary users)
      --no-selinux          Don't extract the SELinux context from the archive
                           
      --no-xattrs            Don't extract the user/root xattrs from the
                            archive
      --numeric-owner        always use numbers for user/group names
      --owner=NAME          force NAME as owner for added files
  -p, --preserve-permissions, --same-permissions
                            extract information about file permissions
                            (default for superuser)
      --preserve            same as both -p and -s
      --same-owner          try extracting files with the same ownership as
                            exists in the archive (default for superuser)
  -s, --preserve-order, --same-order
                            sort names to extract to match archive
      --selinux              Save the SELinux context to the archive
      --xattrs              Save the user/root xattrs to the archive Device selection and switching:  -f, --file=ARCHIVE        use archive file or device ARCHIVE
      --force-local          archive file is local even if it has a colon
  -F, --info-script=NAME, --new-volume-script=NAME
                            run script at end of each tape (implies -M)
  -L, --tape-length=NUMBER  change tape after writing NUMBER x 1024 bytes
  -M, --multi-volume        create/list/extract multi-volume archive
      --rmt-command=COMMAND  use given rmt COMMAND instead of rmt
      --rsh-command=COMMAND  use remote COMMAND instead of rsh
      --volno-file=FILE      use/update the volume number in FILE Device blocking:  -b, --blocking-factor=BLOCKS  BLOCKS x 512 bytes per record
  -B, --read-full-records    reblock as we read (for 4.2BSD pipes)
  -i, --ignore-zeros        ignore zeroed blocks in archive (means EOF)
      --record-size=NUMBER  NUMBER of bytes per record, multiple of 512 Archive format selection:  -H, --format=FORMAT        create archive of the given format FORMAT is one of the following:    gnu                      GNU tar 1.13.x format
    oldgnu                  GNU format as per tar <= 1.12
    pax                      POSIX 1003.1-2001 (pax) format
    posix                    same as pax
    ustar                    POSIX 1003.1-1988 (ustar) format
    v7                      old V7 tar format      --old-archive, --portability
                            same as --format=v7
      --pax-option=keyword[[:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value]]...
                            control pax keywords
      --posix                same as --format=posix
  -V, --label=TEXT          create archive with volume name TEXT; at
                            list/extract time, use TEXT as a globbing pattern
                            for volume name Compression options:  -a, --auto-compress        use archive suffix to determine the compression
                            program
  -I, --use-compress-program=PROG
                            filter through PROG (must accept -d)
  -j, --bzip2                filter the archive through bzip2
  -J, --xz                  filter the archive through xz
      --lzip                filter the archive through lzip
      --lzma                filter the archive through lzma
      --lzop
      --no-auto-compress    do not use archive suffix to determine the
                            compression program
  -z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip  filter the archive through gzip
  -Z, --compress, --uncompress  filter the archive through compress Local file selection:      --add-file=FILE        add given FILE to the archive (useful if its name
                            starts with a dash)
      --backup[=CONTROL]    backup before removal, choose version CONTROL
  -C, --directory=DIR        change to directory DIR
      --exclude=PATTERN      exclude files, given as a PATTERN
      --exclude-backups      exclude backup and lock files
      --exclude-caches      exclude contents of directories containing
                            CACHEDIR.TAG, except for the tag file itself
      --exclude-caches-all  exclude directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG
      --exclude-caches-under exclude everything under directories containing
                            CACHEDIR.TAG
      --exclude-tag=FILE    exclude contents of directories containing FILE,
                            except for FILE itself
      --exclude-tag-all=FILE exclude directories containing FILE
      --exclude-tag-under=FILE  exclude everything under directories
                            containing FILE
      --exclude-vcs          exclude version control system directories
  -h, --dereference          follow symlinks; archive and dump the files they
                            point to
      --hard-dereference    follow hard links; archive and dump the files they
                            refer to
  -K, --starting-file=MEMBER-NAME
                            begin at member MEMBER-NAME in the archive
      --newer-mtime=DATE    compare date and time when data changed only
      --no-null              disable the effect of the previous --null option
      --no-recursion        avoid descending automatically in directories
      --no-unquote          do not unquote filenames read with -T
      --null                -T reads null-terminated names, disable -C
  -N, --newer=DATE-OR-FILE, --after-date=DATE-OR-FILE
                            only store files newer than DATE-OR-FILE
      --one-file-system      stay in local file system when creating archive
  -P, --absolute-names      don't strip leading `/'s from file names
      --recursion            recurse into directories (default)
      --suffix=STRING        backup before removal, override usual suffix ('~'
                            unless overridden by environment variable
                            SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX)
  -T, --files-from=FILE      get names to extract or create from FILE
      --unquote              unquote filenames read with -T (default)
  -X, --exclude-from=FILE    exclude patterns listed in FILE File name transformations:      --strip-components=NUMBER  strip NUMBER leading components from file
                            names on extraction
      --transform=EXPRESSION, --xform=EXPRESSION
                            use sed replace EXPRESSION to transform file
                            names File name matching options (affect both exclude and include patterns):      --anchored            patterns match file name start
      --ignore-case          ignore case
      --no-anchored          patterns match after any `/' (default for
                            exclusion)
      --no-ignore-case      case sensitive matching (default)
      --no-wildcards        verbatim string matching
      --no-wildcards-match-slash  wildcards do not match `/'
      --wildcards            use wildcards (default)
      --wildcards-match-slash  wildcards match `/' (default for exclusion) Informative output:      --checkpoint[=NUMBER]  display progress messages every NUMBERth record
                            (default 10)
      --checkpoint-action=ACTION  execute ACTION on each checkpoint
      --index-file=FILE      send verbose output to FILE
  -l, --check-links          print a message if not all links are dumped
      --no-quote-chars=STRING  disable quoting for characters from STRING
      --quote-chars=STRING  additionally quote characters from STRING
      --quoting-style=STYLE  set name quoting style; see below for valid STYLE
                            values
  -R, --block-number        show block number within archive with each
                            message
      --show-defaults        show tar defaults
      --show-omitted-dirs    when listing or extracting, list each directory
                            that does not match search criteria
      --show-transformed-names, --show-stored-names
                            show file or archive names after transformation
      --totals[=SIGNAL]      print total bytes after processing the archive;
                            with an argument - print total bytes when this
                            SIGNAL is delivered; Allowed signals are: SIGHUP,
                            SIGQUIT, SIGINT, SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2; the names
                            without SIG prefix are also accepted
      --utc                  print file modification dates in UTC
  -v, --verbose              verbosely list files processed
      --warning=KEYWORD      warning control
  -w, --interactive, --confirmation
                            ask for confirmation for every action Compatibility options:  -o                        when creating, same as --old-archive; when
                            extracting, same as --no-same-owner Other options:  -?, --help                give this help list
      --restrict            disable use of some potentially harmful options
      --usage                give a short usage message
      --version              print program versionMandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional
for any corresponding short options.The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control may be set with --backup or VERSION_CONTROL, values are:  none, off      never make backups
  t, numbered    make numbered backups
  nil, existing  numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
  never, simple  always make simple backupsValid arguments for the --quoting-style option are:  literal
  shell
  shell-always
  c
  c-maybe
  escape
  locale
  clocale*This* tar defaults to:
--format=gnu -f- -b20 --quoting-style=escape --rmt-command=/sbin/rmt
--rsh-command=/usr/bin/rshReport bugs to <bug-tar@gnu.org>.