CentOS构建chroot环境


说明:chroot--change root(改变角色),例如apache服务,这个服务是直接安装到了根目录下面的所以当ps后看进程信息的时候后面的路径是以系统的“根”开始找的。如果想搭建起来这个chroot的环境,需要工具--jail.tar.gz,jail(监狱)也就是把自己想让服务更安全,那么就把服务扔到监狱中去运行,黑客入侵了也只能在监狱中控制,不能跳出监狱进行别的控制。本文介绍的可能有些长,请看详细步骤!
 
1 安装jail并构建监狱环境
 
[root@rrd ~]# useradd -g users -d /var/chroot/ -s /usr/bin/jail prisoner
 
[root@rrd ~]# tail /etc/passwd
 
prisoner:x:501:100::/var/chroot/:/usr/bin/jail
 
[root@rrd ~]# wget http://www.jmcresearch.com/static/dwn/projects/jail/jail.tar.gz
 
[root@rrd ~]# tar zxf jail.tar.gz
 
[root@rrd ~]# cd jail/bin
 
[root@rrd bin]# ll
 
total 20
 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 1002 1002 4726 Apr  2  2004 addjailsw
 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 1002 1002 2578 Apr  2  2004 addjailuser
 
drwxr-xr-x 2 1002 1002 4096 Apr  2  2004 CVS
 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 1002 1002 2750 Apr  2  2004 mkjailenv
 
[root@rrd bin]# cd ..
 
[root@rrd jail]# cd src/
 
[root@rrd src]# ll
 
total 68
 
drwxr-xr-x 2 1002 1002  4096 Apr  2  2004 CVS
 
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 1002  5893 Apr  2  2004 generic_helpers.c
 
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 1002  1478 Apr  2  2004 generic_helpers.h
 
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 1002  2111 Apr  2  2004 globals.h
 
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 1002  1260 Apr  2  2004 helpers.h
 
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 1002 13379 Apr  2  2004 jail.c
 
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 1002  1913 Apr  2  2004 Makefile
 
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 1002  3790 Apr  2  2004 passwd_helpers.c
 
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 1002  1396 Apr  2  2004 passwd_helpers.h
 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 1002 1002  1669 Apr  2  2004 preinstall.sh
 
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 1002  3386 Apr  2  2004 terminal_helpers.c
 
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 1002  1304 Apr  2  2004 terminal_helpers.h
 
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 1002  1770 Apr  2  2004 types.h
 
[root@rrd src]# vim Makefile
 
INSTALL_DIR = /tmp/jail##找到这一行,路径改成/usr/local/jail,保存后退出(看个人习惯)
 
[root@rrd src]# mkdir /usr/local/jail
 
[root@rrd src]# make
 
[root@rrd src]# make install
 
[root@rrd src]# /usr/local/jail/bin/mkjailenv /var/chroot
 
mkjailenv
 
A component of Jail (version 1.9 for linux)
 
http://www.jmcresearch.com/projects/jail/
 
Juan M. Casillas <juanm.casillas@jmcresearch.com>
 
Making chrooted environment into /var/chroot
 
        Doing preinstall()
 
        Doing special_devices()
 
        Doing gen_template_password()
 
        Doing postinstall()
 
Done.
 
[root@rrd src]# ll /var/chroot/##目录下有文件了
 
total 8
 
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 31 19:49 dev
 
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 31 19:49 etc
 
[root@rrd src]# /usr/local/jail/bin/addjailuser /var/chroot /home/prisoner /bin/bash prisoner
 
addjailuser
 
A component of Jail (version 1.9 for linux)
 
http://www.jmcresearch.com/projects/jail/
 
Juan M. Casillas <juanm.casillas@jmcresearch.com>
 
Adding user prisoner in chrooted environment /var/chroot
 
Done.
 
[root@rrd src]# ll /var/chroot/
 
total 12
 
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 31 19:49 dev
 
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 31 19:49 etc
 
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 31 19:51 home
 
[root@rrd src]# /usr/local/jail/bin/addjailsw /var/chroot/
 

 
[root@rrd src]# /usr/local/jail/bin/addjailsw /var/chroot/ -D
 

 
[root@rrd src]# /usr/local/jail/bin/addjailsw /var/chroot/ -P bash "--version"
 
addjailsw
 
A component of Jail (version 1.9 for linux)
 
http://www.jmcresearch.com/projects/jail/
 
Juan M. Casillas <juanm.casillas@jmcresearch.com>
 
Guessing mv args()
 
Guessing ls args()
 
Guessing ln args()
 
Guessing grep args()
 
Guessing cat args()
 
Guessing rmdir args()
 
Guessing vi args(-c q)
 
Guessing tail args()
 
Guessing sh args()
 
Guessing id args()
 
Guessing rm args()
 
Guessing head args()
 
Guessing cp args()
 
Guessing pwd args()
 
Guessing mkdir args()
 
Guessing touch args()
 
Guessing more args()
 
Warning: can't create /proc/mounts from the /proc filesystem
 
Warning: can't create /proc/filesystems from the /proc filesystem
 
Warning: not allowed to overwrite /var/chroot//etc/passwd
 
Warning: not allowed to overwrite /var/chroot//etc/group
 
Warning: can't create /proc/meminfo from the /proc filesystem
 
Done.
 
[root@rrd chroot]# ll
 
total 32
 
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 31 19:57 bin
 
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 31 19:56 dev
 
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 31 19:56 etc
 
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 31 19:51 home
 
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 31 19:56 lib64
 
drwsrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Aug 31 19:57 tmp
 
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Aug 31 19:56 usr
 
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 31 19:57 var
 
[root@rrd chroot]# mkdir /var/chroot/lib
 
[root@rrd chroot]# cp /lib/ld-linux.so.2 /var/chroot/lib/
 
[root@rrd chroot]# ll lib64/
 
total 2508
 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  27920 Aug 31 19:56 libacl.so.1
 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  17888 Aug 31 19:56 libattr.so.1
 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1717800 Aug 31 19:57 libc.so.6
 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  23360 Aug 31 19:57 libdl.so.2
 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  53880 Aug 31 19:56 libnss_files.so.2
 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  117680 Aug 31 19:56 libpcre.so.0
 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  145824 Aug 31 19:56 libpthread.so.0
 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  53448 Aug 31 19:56 librt.so.1
 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  95464 Aug 31 19:56 libselinux.so.1
 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  247496 Aug 31 19:56 libsepol.so.1
 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  15584 Aug 31 19:57 libtermcap.so.2
 
[root@rrd chroot]# cp /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /var/chroot/lib64/
 
[root@rrd chroot]# mkdir /var/chroot/etc/bash
 
[root@rrd chroot]# cp /etc/bashrc /var/chroot/etc/bash/
 
[root@rrd chroot]# cp /etc/profile /var/chroot/etc/
 
[root@rrd chroot]# cp /etc/DIR_COLORS /var/chroot/etc/
 
[root@rrd chroot]# /usr/local/jail/bin/addjailsw /var/chroot/ -P whoami
 
addjailsw
 
A component of Jail (version 1.9 for linux)
 
http://www.jmcresearch.com/projects/jail/
 
Juan M. Casillas <juanm.casillas@jmcresearch.com>
 
Guessing whoami args(0)
 
Warning: file /var/chroot//lib64/libc.so.6 exists. Overwritting it
 
Warning: file /var/chroot//etc/ld.so.cache exists. Overwritting it
 
Warning: file /var/chroot//usr/lib/locale/locale-archive exists. Overwritting it
 
Warning: file /var/chroot//usr/share/locale/locale.alias exists. Overwritting it
 
Done.
 
如果在chroot环境中可以访问的IP地址,但没有域名(“名称或服务不知道”):
 
[root@rrd chroot]# cp -a /lib/libnss_dns* /lib/libresolv* /var/chroot/lib/
 
64架构的
 
[root@rrd chroot]# cp -a /lib64/libnss_dns* /lib64/libresolv* /var/chroot/lib64/
 
[root@rrd chroot]# ll
 
total 36
 
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 31 19:57 bin
 
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 31 19:56 dev
 
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 31 20:06 etc
 
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 31 19:51 home
 
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 31 20:26 lib
 
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 31 20:27 lib64
 
drwsrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Aug 31 20:07 tmp
 
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Aug 31 19:56 usr
 
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 31 20:07 var
 
[root@rrd chroot]# ll dev/
 
total 0
 
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 Aug 31 19:49 null
 
crw-rw-rw- 1 root tty  5, 0 Aug 31 19:56 tty
 
cr--r--r-- 1 root root 1, 9 Aug 31 19:49 urandom
 
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 5 Aug 31 19:49 zero
 
[root@rrd chroot]# mount -o bind /dev/ /var/chroot/dev/
 
[root@rrd chroot]# ll dev/##会列出很多文件,就不贴出来了
 
[root@rrd chroot]# mount -t devpts none /var/chroot/dev/pts
 
[root@rrd chroot]# mkdir /var/chroot/proc
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