安装 Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise) 之后

安装 Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise) 之后

曾经心血来潮写过一个Ubuntu的配置教程，还美其名曰《邂逅Ubuntu》系列，后来Ubuntu更新了，GNOME也变成了gnome shell，但是教程再也没更新过（惭愧不已）。适逢Ubuntu 12.04刚更新不久，简单记录下配置的流程。

本文主要记录了安装Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise) 之后的配置美化过程，主要包含：

1、配置软件源；2、安装配置gnome shell取代unity；3、安装相关软件；4、配置杂项。

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配置软件源

我的策略是教育网一组，公网一组，官网一组，其次主要考虑地理位置和具体连接的速度。
教育网推荐是使用清华、北交、上交的（其一即可），公网推荐sohu（中国官方源）、163的（同样选择其一）。

# /etc/apt/sources.list
# tsinghua
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe

# # bjtu
# deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
# deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
# deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
# deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
# deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
# deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
# deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
# deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
# deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
# deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe

# sohu (official China)
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# # 163
# deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
# deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# official
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# official security
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse

# canonical partner
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner

# official extras
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main

配置好之后记得更新升级

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

# 安装配置gnome shell

之前折腾过Arch、Gentoo、Mint、Deepin都是因为Ubuntu换了unity，也算因祸得福，学到了很多东西，现在可以兼容了，当然果断上之。
安装基本桌面

sudo apt-get install gnome-shell # gnome shell 桌面
sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool # 高级配置工具

# 安装图标和GTK主题

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tiheum/equinox # 添加图标主题PPA
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:satyajit-happy/themes # 添加GTK主题PPA
sudo apt-get update # 更新软件源
sudo apt-get install faenza-icon-theme faience-icon-theme # 两款Icon theme
sudo apt-get install evolve-gtk-theme orion-gtk-theme # 两款 GTK theme

我选择的Icon theme是Faience，Window theme和GTK+ theme都是Evolve

# 安装gnome shell extension

可以通过PPA和网站两种方式安装，主要还是个人喜好和需要，通过gnome-tweak-tool进行设置即可，这里只列出作者使用的部分
通过PPA安装

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/gnome3 # 添加PPA
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extensions # 官方插件
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extensions-weather # 天气插件
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-system-monitor # 非官方系统监控插件，扩展性很强
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-classic-systray # 移动所有底边信息栏图标至顶部

通过GNOME Extensions网站安装

https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/112/remove-accesibility/

需要注意 user-themes 插件可能有问题，导致gnome-tweak-tool无法打开或者打开报错，通过以下两条命令可以解决

sudo cp ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/user-theme@gnome-shell-extensions.gcampax.github.com/schemas/org.gnome.shell.extensions.user-theme.gschema.xml /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/
sudo glib-compile-schemas /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas

# 安装gnome shell theme

我有点洁癖，不喜欢下载安装，因为不方便更新，但暂时还未发现包含很合意的gnome shell theme的PPA，可以关注一下Satya的PPA（之前安装GTK主题时已经添加了）。我已经邮件和作者联系过了，确定还会维护更新的，就是需要等等。我现在安装的是London Smoke Gnome-Shell，作为暂时的选择。