Oracle查看SQL执行计划的方式


获取Oracle sql执行计划并查看执行计划，是掌握和判断数据库性能的基本技巧。下面案例介绍了多种查看sql执行计划的方式： 

基本有以下几种方式：

1、通过sql_trace初始化参数

2、通过Autotrace

3、通过explain plan

4、通过dbms_xplan.display_cursor

5、通过dbms_xplan.display_awr

6、通过10046事件 

1、通过explain plan 工具

12:24:00 SCOTT@ prod>explain plan for

12:24:06 2 select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788;

Explained.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.22

12:24:16 SCOTT@ prod>select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 2949544139

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 46 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP | 1 | 46 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 2 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PK_EMP | 1 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

2 - access("EMPNO"=7788)

14 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:01.14

 

2、通过DBMS_XPLAN.display_cursor查看

12:52:37 SCOTT@ prod>desc dbms_xplan

FUNCTION DISPLAY_CURSOR RETURNS DBMS_XPLAN_TYPE_TABLE

Argument Name Type In/Out Default?

------------------------------ ----------------------- ------ --------

SQL_ID VARCHAR2 IN DEFAULT

CURSOR_CHILD_NO NUMBER(38) IN DEFAULT

FORMAT VARCHAR2 IN DEFAULT

如果以scott用户访问需要进行授权：

12:31:44 SYS@ prod>select * from dict where upper(table_name)='V$SESSION';

TABLE_NAME COMMENTS

------------------------------ ----------------------------------------

V$SESSION Synonym for V_$SESSION

Elapsed: 00:00:00.09

12:31:09 SYS@ prod>grant select on V_$SESSION to scott;

Grant succeeded.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.10

 

12:43:15 SCOTT@ prod>select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'advanced'));

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

User has no SELECT privilege on V$SQL_PLAN

 

解决权限不足：

12:42:33 SYS@ prod>grant select any table to scott;

Grant succeeded.

12:43:46 SYS@ prod>show parameter o7

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY boolean TRUE

12:44:54 SYS@ prod>

案例：dbms_xplan.display_cursor

12:42:45 SCOTT@ prod>select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788;

 

EMPNO ENAME SAL DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

7788 SCOTT 3000 20

 

Elapsed: 00:00:00.08

 

12:43:15 SCOTT@ prod>select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'all'));

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SQL_ID bqz9ujgnn4jzu, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788

Plan hash value: 2949544139

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 2 (100)| |

| 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP | 1 | 46 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 2 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PK_EMP | 1 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Query Block Name / Object Alias (identified by operation id):

-------------------------------------------------------------

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 - SEL$1 / EMP@SEL$1

2 - SEL$1 / EMP@SEL$1

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

2 - access("EMPNO"=7788)

Column Projection Information (identified by operation id):

-----------------------------------------------------------

1 - "EMPNO"[NUMBER,22], "ENAME"[VARCHAR2,10], "SAL"[NUMBER,22],

"DEPTNO"[NUMBER,22]

2 - "EMP".ROWID[ROWID,10], "EMPNO"[NUMBER,22]

32 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.05

案例：

12:49:10 SCOTT@ prod>select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788;

 

EMPNO ENAME SAL DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

7788 SCOTT 3000 20

 

Elapsed: 00:00:00.00

12:50:06 SCOTT@ prod>select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'advanced'));

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SQL_ID bqz9ujgnn4jzu, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788

Plan hash value: 2949544139

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 2 (100)| |

| 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP | 1 | 46 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 2 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PK_EMP | 1 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Query Block Name / Object Alias (identified by operation id):

-------------------------------------------------------------

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 - SEL$1 / EMP@SEL$1

2 - SEL$1 / EMP@SEL$1

Outline Data

-------------

/*+

BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA

IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS

OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('11.2.0.1')

DB_VERSION('11.2.0.1')

ALL_ROWS

OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")

INDEX_RS_ASC(@"SEL$1" "EMP"@"SEL$1" ("EMP"."EMPNO"))

END_OUTLINE_DATA

*/

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

2 - access("EMPNO"=7788)

Column Projection Information (identified by operation id):

-----------------------------------------------------------

1 - "EMPNO"[NUMBER,22], "ENAME"[VARCHAR2,10], "SAL"[NUMBER,22],

"DEPTNO"[NUMBER,22]

2 - "EMP".ROWID[ROWID,10], "EMPNO"[NUMBER,22]

46 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.06

12:50:21 SCOTT@ prod>

这种方法在 SQLPLUS中查看刚执行过的 SQLSQLSQL的执行计划 。

-- dbms_xplan.display_cursor传入的前两个参数值均为 null,null第三个参数是 "advanced"第三个参 数也可以是 "all"得到的显示结果，少了 "Outline data"部分的内容 。 

sql>select sql_text,sql_id,hash_value,child_number from v$sql

2* where sql_text like 'select empno,ename,sal%'

SQL_TEXT SQL_ID HASH_VALUE CHILD_NUMBER

-------------------------------------------------- ------------- ---------- ------------

select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno bqz9ujgnn4jzu 3913435130 0

=7788

Elapsed: 00:00:00.04

13:00:25 SCOTT@ prod>select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('bqz9ujgnn4jzu',0,'advanced'));

 

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SQL_ID bqz9ujgnn4jzu, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788

Plan hash value: 2949544139

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 2 (100)| |

| 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP | 1 | 46 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 2 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PK_EMP | 1 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Query Block Name / Object Alias (identified by operation id):

-------------------------------------------------------------

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 - SEL$1 / EMP@SEL$1

2 - SEL$1 / EMP@SEL$1

Outline Data

-------------

/*+

BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA

IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS

OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('11.2.0.1')

DB_VERSION('11.2.0.1')

ALL_ROWS

OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")

INDEX_RS_ASC(@"SEL$1" "EMP"@"SEL$1" ("EMP"."EMPNO"))

END_OUTLINE_DATA

*/

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

2 - access("EMPNO"=7788)

Column Projection Information (identified by operation id):

-----------------------------------------------------------

1 - "EMPNO"[NUMBER,22], "ENAME"[VARCHAR2,10], "SAL"[NUMBER,22],

"DEPTNO"[NUMBER,22]

2 - "EMP".ROWID[ROWID,10], "EMPNO"[NUMBER,22]

46 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.14

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