MySQL基础语句总结


MySQL中的创建库、表以及查询语句对我们以后很好的应用数据库是很大有帮助的,文中是对这些基础语句的总结,希望会对大家有些帮助   1、创建与删除数据库
  1. 创建数据库
  2. mysql> createdatabase testdb;
  3. mysql> createdatabase if not exists testdb;
  4. mysql> createschema if not exists student characterset'gbk'collate'gbk_chinese_ci';
  5. 删除数据库
  6. mysql> dropdatabase testdb;
2、创建与删除表
  1. CREATETABLE [if not exists] tb_name(col_name,col_definstion,constraint)
  2. 创建表
  3. mysql> createtable tb (id int unsigned notnull auto_increment primarykey,Namechar(20)
  4. notnull,Age tinyint notnull);
  5. mysql> createtable tb (id int unsigned notnull auto_increment,Namechar(20) notnull,Age
  6. tinyint notnull,primarykey(id));
  7. mysql> createdatabase mydb;
  8. mysql> use mydb;
  9. mysql> createtable students(namechar(20) notnull,age tinyint unsigned,gender char(1)
  10. notnull);
  11. mysql> createtable courses(ID tinyint unsigned notnull auto_increment primarykey,Couse
  12. varchar(50) notnull);
  13. mysql> createtable courses(namechar(20) notnull,age tinyint unsigned,gender char(1)
  14. notnull); ---从一张表中查出需要的数并创建为一个新表,但是很多字段的属性没有存在,需要自己在重新定义
  15. mysql> createtable testcourses select * from courses where CID <=2;
  16. 以其它表为模板,创建一个新表,字段的属性还会存在
  17. mysql> createtable test like courses;
  18. 删除表:DROPTABLE tb_name;
  19. mysql> droptable testcourses;
3、修改表
  1. ALTERTABLE tb_name;
  2. mysql>altertable students change course Course varchar(100) aftername;
  3. mysql>altertable students add course varchar(100);
  4. 向表中插入数据
  5. insertinto tb_name (col,col2,....) values (val1,val2,....);
  6. insertinto tutors (Tname,Gender,Age) values ('jerry','M',24); -----批量插入方式
  7. insertinto tutors set Tname='Tom',Genser='F',Age=30; -----只能实现单个字段插入
  8. insertinto tutors (Tname,Gender,Age) selectName,Genser,Age from students where Age >=20
  9. select * from tutors orderby TID desc limit 1; -----查看降序的第一行
  10. select last_insert_ID(); -----查询插入的最后一个序列号
  11. 更改数据库
  12. UPDATE tb_name SETcolumn=value where
  13. mysql>update students set Course='wg'whereName='j'; -----更改j的课程为wg
  14. 删除表中的某一字段
  15. DELETEFROM students WHERE Course='';
  16. mysql>deletefrom students where Course='wg';
4、创建用户
  1. CREATEUSER'USERNAME'@'HOST' IDENTIFIED BY'PASSWORD';
  2. mysql> createuser'jerry'@'%' identified by'jerry'; ------创建用户
  3. 修改用户密码的方法
  4. 1) mysql> SETPASSWORDFOR'USERNAME'@'HOST'=PASSWORD('NEW_PASSWORD');
  5. 2) mysqladmin -uUSERNAME -hHOST -p password'password' ------不进入mysql修改密码
  6. mysqladmin -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -p passwd'123456'
  7. 3) mysql> UPDATEuserSETPassword=PASSWORD('password') WHEREUSER='root'AND
  8. Host='127.0.0.1';
  9. UPDATEuserSETPassword=PASSWORD('123456') WHEREUSER='root'AND Host='127.0.0.1';
  10. 给用户授权
  11. GRANT pri1,pri2,......ON DB_NAME.TB_NAME TO'USERNAME'@'HOST' [IDENTIFIED BY'password']
  12. mysql> grantallprivilegeson test.* to'jerry'@'%'; -----给用户所有权限
  13. REVOKE pri1,pri2,.....ON DB_NAME.TB_NAME FROM'USERNAME'@'HOST'
5、关于show命令
  1. SHOW GRANTS FOR'USERNAME'@'HOST' -----查看用户的授权
  2. mysql> show databases; -----查看数据库
  3. mysql> desc students; -----查看一张表的结够
  4. mysql> show grants for'jerry'@'%'; -----查看创建用户的信息
  5. mysql> show characterset; -----查看当前服务器所支持的字符集
  6. mysql> show collation; -----查看排序规则
  7. mysql> show engines; -----查看数据库中的所有引擎
  8. mysql> show table status like'user'; -----查看一张表的状态信息(横向显示的)
  9. mysql> show table status like'user'\G: -----查看一张表的状态信息(纵向显示)
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