SQL语句的基本操作

SQL语句的基本操作

--创建数据库
create database Etp;

--连接数据库
connect to Etp;

--断开连接
disconnect Etp;

--查看当前数据库下有哪些表
list tables;

--建表
create table studentInfo(
 stuno char(5) not null,
 stuname varchar(8),
 stubirth date
);

--查看表结构
describe table studentinfo;

--新增表字段
alter table studentinfo add stutel int;
alter table studentinfo add abc int;

--修改字段类型
alter table studentinfo alter column stutel set data type char(11);

--删除字段
alter table studentinfo drop column abc;

--增加一个非空约束
alter table studentinfo alter column stuname set not null;

 

--重构表
reorg table studentinfo;

 

--增加一个唯一约束
alter table studentinfo alter column stutel set not null;
alter table studentinfo add constraint un_stutel unique(stutel);

 

--添加检查约束
alter table studentinfo add column stuAge int;
alter table studentinfo add constraint ch_stuAge check(stuAge > 0 and stuAge <150);

 

--添加主键约束
alter table studentinfo add constraint pk_stuno primary key(stuno);

 

--删除表
drop table studentinfo;

 

--创建表的同时添加约束方式1
create table studentinfo(
 stuNo int not null,
 stuName varchar(8) not null,
 stuAge int,
 stuTel char(8),
 constraint pk_stuNo primary key(stuNo),
 constraint un_stuName unique(stuName),
 constraint ch_stuAge check(stuAge >=0 and stuAge <150)
);

 

--创建表的同时添加约束方式2
create table studentinfo(
 stuNo int not null primary key,
 stuName varchar(8) not null unique,
 stuAge int check(stuAge >=0 and stuAge <150),
 stuTel char(8)
);

 

--添加主外键
--新增班级表
create table classInfo(
 classId int not null primary key,
 className varchar(20)
);

 

--建表的同时添加外键
create table studentinfo(
 stuNo int not null,
 stuName varchar(8) not null,
 stuBirth date not null,
 stuAge int,
 stuTel char(8),
 fclassId int,
 stuBirth date not null,
 constraint pk_stuNo primary key(stuNo),
 constraint un_stuName unique(stuName),
 constraint ch_stuAge check(stuAge >=0 and stuAge <150),
 constraint fk_fcalssId foreign key(fclassid) references classInfo(classId)
);

-- 自增
create table studentinfo(
 stuNo int not null generated always as identity(start with 1 ,increment by 1),
 stuName varchar(8) not null,
 stuAge int,
 stuTel char(8),
 fclassId int,
 stuBirth date not null,
 constraint pk_stuNo primary key(stuNo),
 constraint un_stuName unique(stuName),
 constraint ch_stuAge check(stuAge >=0 and stuAge <150),
 constraint fk_fcalssId foreign key(fclassid) references classInfo(classId)
);

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