设置 Oracle 监听器密码(LISTENER)


监听器也有安全？Sure！在缺省的情况下，任意用户不需要使用任何密码即通过lsnrctl 工具对Oracle Listener进行操作或关闭，从而造成任意新的会话都将无法建立连接。在Oracle 9i 中Oracle监听器允许任何一个人利用lsnrctl从远程发起对监听器的管理。也容易导致数据库受到损坏。

1. 未设定密码情形下停止监听
  1. [oracle@test ~]$ lsnrctl stop listener_demo92   -->停止监听，可以看出不需要任何密码即可停止    
  2.                                                                                               
  3. LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 9.2.0.8.0 - Production on 26-JUN-2011 08:22:26                     
  4.                                                                                               
  5. Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.                           
  6.                                                                                               
  7. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test)(PORT=1521)))                    
  8. The command completed successfully                                                            
2. 重新启动监听并设置密码
  1. [oracle@test ~]$ lsnrctl                                                                                                    
  2.                                                                                                                             
  3. LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 9.2.0.8.0 - Production on 26-JUN-2011 08:24:09                                                   
  4. Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.                                                         
  5.                                                                                                                             
  6. Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.                                                                              
  7. LSNRCTL> set current_listener listener_demo92  -->设置当前监听器                                                             
  8. Current Listener is listener_demo92                                                                                         
  9. LSNRCTL> start             -->启动过程也不需要任何密码,启动的详细信息省略                                                    
  10. LSNRCTL> change_password   -->使用change_password来设置密码                                                                  
  11. Old password:                                                                                                               
  12. New password:                                                                                                               
  13. Reenter new password:                                                                                                       
  14. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test)(PORT=1521)))                                                  
  15. Password changed for listener_demo92                                                                                        
  16. The command completed successfully                                                                                          
  17. LSNRCTL> save_config        -->注意此处的save_config失败                                                                     
  18. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test)(PORT=1521)))                                                  
  19. TNS-01169: The listener has not recognized the password                                                                     
  20. LSNRCTL> set password       -->输入新设定的密码验证                                                                          
  21. Password:                                                                                                                   
  22. The command completed successfully                                                                                          
  23. LSNRCTL> save_config       -->再次save_config成功                                                                            
  24. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test)(PORT=1521)))                                                  
  25. Saved listener_demo92 configuration parameters.                                                                             
  26. Listener Parameter File   /oracle/92/network/admin/listener.ora                                                             
  27. Old Parameter File   /oracle/92/network/admin/listener.bak                                                                  
  28. The command completed successfully                                                                                          
  29.                                                                                                                             
  30. -->增加密码之后可以看到listener.ora文件中有一条新增的记录，即密码选项(注：尽管使用了密码管理方式,仍然可以无需密码启动监听)   
  31. [oracle@test admin]$ more listener.ora                                                                                      
  32.     #----ADDED BY TNSLSNR 26-JUN-2011 05:12:48---                                                                              
  33.     PASSWORDS_listener_demo92 =                                                                                               
  34.     #--------------------------------------------                                                                             
3. 尝试未使用密码的情况下停止监听
  1. [oracle@test ~]$ lsnrctl stop listener_demo92                                                 
  2. LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 9.2.0.8.0 - Production on 26-JUN-2011 06:09:51                     
  3. Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.                           
  4.                                                                                               
  5. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test)(PORT=1521)))                    
  6. TNS-01169: The listener has not recognized the password    -->收到错误信息，需要使用密码认证  
4. 使用密码来停止监听
  1. [oracle@test ~]$ lsnrctl                                                         
  2. LSNRCTL> set current_listener listener_demo92                                    
  3. Current Listener is listener_demo92                                              
  4. LSNRCTL> stop                                                                    
  5. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test)(PORT=1521)))       
  6. TNS-01169: The listener has not recognized the password                          
  7. LSNRCTL> set password                                                            
  8. Password:                                                                        
  9. The command completed successfully                                               
  10. LSNRCTL> stop                                                                    
  11. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test)(PORT=1521)))       
  12. The command completed successfully                                               
  13. LSNRCTL> status                                                                  
  14. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test)(PORT=1521)))       
  15. TNS-12541: TNS:no listener                                                       
  16.  TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error                                           
  17.   TNS-00511: No listener                                                         
  18.    Linux Error: 111: Connection refused                                          
  19. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC)))                
  20. TNS-12541: TNS:no listener                                                       
  21.  TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error                                           
  22.   TNS-00511: No listener                                                         
  23.    Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory                                       
5. save_config失败的问题
  1. -->在 Oracle 9i中，使用save_config命令将会失败                                                                            
  2.     LSNRCTL> save_config                                                                                                   
  3.     Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=<hostname>)(PORT=<port>)))                                     
  4.     TNS-01169: The listener has not recognized the password                                                                
  5.                                                                                                                          
  6. -->应该先使用set password之后再save_config，则保存配置成功。                                                              
  7.     LSNRCTL> set password                                                                                                  
  8.     Password: <the password you chose>                                                                                     
  9.     The command completed successfully                                                                                     
  10.                                                                                                                            
  11. /*在Oracle 10g 中不会出现类似的问题，因为在10g中可以使用基于操作系统验证方式。listener将检测到如果用户属于dba组的成员，  
  12. 将会被授予改变密码，保存配置以及停止监听等权限。 */                                                                      
6.  配置listener.ora中ADMIN_RESTRICTIONS参数
    参数作用：
        当在listener.ora文件中设置了ADMIN_RESTRICTIONS参数后，在监听器运行时，不允许执行任何管理任何，同时set命令将不可用
        ，不论是在服务器本地还是从远程执行都不行。此时对于监听的设置仅仅通过手工修改listener.ora文件，要使修改生效，只能
        使用lsnrctl reload命令或lsnrctl stop/start命令重新载入一次监听器配置信息。
    修改方法：
        在listener.ora文件中手动加入下面这样一行

            ADMIN_RESTRICTIONS_<监听器名> = ON

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