搭建Oracle 到Oracle 的GoldenGate 单向复制测试环境
搭建Oracle 到Oracle 的GoldenGate 单向复制测试环境
测试环境：
OS： RedHat 5.4 64bit
DB: Oracle 11.2.0.3 64bit
示例采用GoldenGate典型的配置：
在Source端，配置一个管理进程, 添加一个Extract进程，添加一个本地队列路径，定义一个远端的接收队列路径。
在Target端，配置一个管理进程和添加一个Replicat进程，指定一个应用队列，即抽取进程定义的远端队列。
GoldenGate单向表DML同步
Oracle GoldenGate 系列：Extract 进程的恢复原理
Oracle GoldenGate安装配置
Oracle goldengate的OGG-01004 OGG-1296错误
Oracle GoldenGate快速入门教程：基本概念和配置
搭建一个Oracle到Oracle的GoldenGate双向复制环境
一.安装GG 软件
1.1 OS 和 DB 版本
[root@gg2 ~]# uname -a
Linux gg2 2.6.18-164.el5xen #1 SMP Tue Aug18 15:59:52 EDT 2009 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@gg2 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4(Tikanga)
SQL> select * from v$version whererownum=1;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise EditionRelease 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
1.2 安装GG
在source database 和 target database 都执行如下操作：
[root@gg2 ~]# su - oracle
gg2:/home/oracle> mkdir /u01/ggate
gg2:/home/oracle> cd /u01
gg2:/u01> ls
app ggate
fbo_ggs_Linux_x64_ora11g_64bit.tar OGG_WinUnix_Rel_Notes_11.1.1.1.0.pdf
fbo_ggs_Linux_x64_ora11g_64bit.zip README.txt
gg2:/u01> tar xvffbo_ggs_Linux_x64_ora11g_64bit.tar -C /u01/ggate
1.3 添加环境变量
在/home/oracle/.bash_profile文件里添加如下内容：
export PATH=/u01/ggate:$PATH
exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/u01/ggate:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export GGATE=/u01/ggate
注意我这里的GG 和Oracle 使用的是相同的用户，所以把GG 的变量加上就可以了。加载刚刚设置的环境变量：
gg2:/home/oracle> source/home/oracle/.bash_profile
1.4 使用ggsci工具，创建必要的目录
gg1:/u01/ggate> ggsci
--调用ggsci 工具
Oracle GoldenGate Command Interpreter forOracle
Version 11.1.1.1OGGCORE_11.1.1_PLATFORMS_110421.2040
Linux, x64, 64bit (optimized), Oracle 11gon Apr 21 2011 22:42:14
Copyright (C) 1995, 2011, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.
GGSCI (gg1) 1> create subdirs
--使用ggsci 工具创建目录
Creating subdirectories under currentdirectory /u01/ggate
Parameter files /u01/ggate/dirprm: created
Report files /u01/ggate/dirrpt: created
Checkpoint files /u01/ggate/dirchk: created
Process status files /u01/ggate/dirpcs: created
SQL script files /u01/ggate/dirsql: created
Database definitions files /u01/ggate/dirdef: created
Extract data files /u01/ggate/dirdat: created
Temporary files /u01/ggate/dirtmp: created
Veridata files /u01/ggate/dirver: created
Veridata Lock files /u01/ggate/dirver/lock: created
Veridata Out-Of-Sync files /u01/ggate/dirver/oos: created
Veridata Out-Of-Sync XML files/u01/ggate/dirver/oosxml: created
Veridata Parameter files /u01/ggate/dirver/params: created
Veridata Report files /u01/ggate/dirver/report: created
Veridata Status files /u01/ggate/dirver/status: created
Veridata Trace files /u01/ggate/dirver/trace: created
Stdout files /u01/ggate/dirout: created
GGSCI (gg1) 2>
以上就是GG 的安装，在source 和target database 都执行。
二.配置Source database
GoldenGate通过抓取源端数据库重做日志进行分析，将获取的数据应用到目标端，实现数据同步。因此，源数据库需要必须处于归档模式，并启用附加日志和强制日志。
2.1 归档模式、附加日志、强制日志
--查看
SQL> select log_mode,supplemental_log_data_min,force_logging from v$database;
LOG_MODE SUPPLEME FOR
------------ -------- ---
ARCHIVELOG NO NO
--修改
（1）archivelog
SQL>shutdown immediate
SQL>startup mount
SQL>alter database archivelog;
SQL>alter database open;
（2） force logging
SQL>alterdatabase force logging;
（3）supplemental log data
SQL>alterdatabase add supplemental log data;
2.2 Oracle 9i的_LOG_PARALLELISM参数
如果是Oracle 9i的数据库，还需要将_LOG_PARALLELISM 参��设置为1. 因为GG 不支持该值超过1.
If using OracleGoldenGate for an Oracle 9i source database, set the _LOG_PARALLELISMparameter to 1. Oracle GoldenGate does not support values higher than 1.
2.3 启用DDL 支持
GG虽然支持DDL，但是也是有限制的，GG 支持DDL 也是通过创建一些table 来保存这些DDL 的信息，关于这些table 的具体说明，在如下链接的第二小节：启用GG 对DDL 操作的支持有详细说明:
对于这些存放DDL 信息表的管理的理论支持，参考如下链接的第四小结：Managing theOracle DDL replication environment。
这块的测试内容会另篇Blog进行测试。
2.3.1 禁用Recycle Bin
如果启用DDL 支持，必须关闭recycle bin。官网的解释如下：
If the recyclebin is enabled, the Oracle GoldenGate DDL trigger session receives implicitrecycle bin DDL operations that cause the trigger to fail.
Oracle 11g：
SQL> alter system set recyclebin=offscope=spfile;
System altered.
如果数据库是10g，需要关闭recyclebin并重启；或者手工purge recyclebin。
2.3.2 创建存放DDL 信息的user并赋权
SQL> create user ggate identified by ggate default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;
User created.
SQL> grant connect,resource to ggate;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> grant execute on utl_file to ggate;
Grant succeeded.
退出所有使用Oracle 的session，然后使用SYSDBA权限的用户执行如下脚本：
gg1:/u01/ggate> echo $GGATE
/u01/ggate
--进入GG的目录，然后调用脚本：
gg1:/home/oracle> cd $GGATE
gg1:/u01/ggate> sqlplus / as sysdba;
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production onTue Nov 8 19:41:58 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise EditionRelease 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options
--脚本1：
SQL> @marker_setup.sql;
Marker setup script
You will be prompted for the name of aschema for the GoldenGate database objects.
NOTE: The schema must be created prior torunning this script.
NOTE: Stop all DDL replication beforestarting this installation.
--输入我们之前创建的用户名：
Enter GoldenGate schema name:ggate
Marker setup table script complete, runningverification script...
Please enter the name of a schema for theGoldenGate database objects:
Setting schema name to GGATE
MARKER TABLE
-------------------------------
OK
MARKER SEQUENCE
-------------------------------
OK
Script complete.
--脚本2：
SQL> @ddl_setup.sql;
GoldenGate DDL Replication setup script
Verifying that current user has privilegesto install DDL Replication...
You will be prompted for the name of aschema for the GoldenGate database objects.
NOTE: For an Oracle 10g source, the systemrecycle bin must be disabled. For Oracle 11g and later, it can be enabled.
--注意这里提示我们在10g里，必须关闭recycle bin，在11g以后的版本，可以不用关闭。
NOTE: The schema must be created prior torunning this script.
NOTE: Stop all DDL replication beforestarting this installation.
--提示输入GG的用户：
Enter GoldenGate schema name:ggate
You will be prompted for the mode ofinstallation.
To install or reinstall DDL replication,enter INITIALSETUP
To upgrade DDL replication, enter NORMAL
--这里让我们选择安装模式： install 和 reinstall 选择INITIALSETUP
Enter mode of installation:INITIALSETUP
Working, please wait ...
Spooling to file ddl_setup_spool.txt
Checking for sessions that are holdinglocks on Oracle Golden Gate metadata tables ...
Check complete.
Using GGATE as a GoldenGate schema name,INITIALSETUP as a mode of installation.
Working, please wait ...
DDL replication setup script complete,running verification script...
Please enter the name of a schema for theGoldenGate database objects:
Setting schema name to GGATE
DDLORA_GETTABLESPACESIZE STATUS:
……
STATUS OF DDL REPLICATION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUCCESSFUL installation of DDL Replicationsoftware components
Script complete.
--脚本3：
SQL> @role_setup.sql;
GGS Role setup script
This script will drop and recreate the roleGGS_GGSUSER_ROLE
To use a different role name, quit thisscript and then edit the params.sql script to change the gg_role parameter tothe preferred name. (Do not run the script.)
You will be prompted for the name of aschema for the GoldenGate database objects.
NOTE: The schema must be created prior torunning this script.
NOTE: Stop all DDL replication beforestarting this installation.
--同样输入GG用户名：
Enter GoldenGate schema name:ggate
Wrote file role_setup_set.txt
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Role setup script complete
Grant this role to each user assigned tothe Extract, GGSCI, and Manager processes, by using the following SQL command:
--这里提示我们赋权给相关的用户：
GRANT GGS_GGSUSER_ROLE TO<loggedUser>
where <loggedUser> is the userassigned to the GoldenGate processes.
--脚本4：赋权
SQL> grant GGS_GGSUSER_ROLE to ggate;
Grant succeeded.
--脚本5：
SQL> @ddl_enable.sql;
Trigger altered.
注意这里脚本创建的table都是使用默认的名称，当然也可以修改这些table的默认名，具体这块参考之前的文档中的说明。
更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容：
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