MAXPIECESIZE与FORMAT参数设置不合理导致RMAN备份失败
MAXPIECESIZE与FORMAT参数设置不合理导致RMAN备份失败
今天去客户那里搭建DG，当创建RMAN备份集的时候，遇到了个问题，导致备份集始终无法生成，由于客户的备份集为10G左右，一次备份就要一个多小时，开始浪费了不少时间，诊断后发现，原来问题出在MAXPIECESIZE上，下面自己做了个测试，来说明这个故障现象和解决方法：
[root@ora10g ~]# su - Oracle
[oracle@ora10g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 24 14:32:34 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
----------
READ WRITE
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@ora10g ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 24 14:32:52 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORA10G (DBID=4175411955)
RMAN> show all;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 5;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/orabackup/backupsets/ora10g-%F.ctl';
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE 10000 M; --最大备份集限制
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE;
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_ora10g.f'; # default
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@ora10g ~]$ cd /u01/orabackup/scripts/
[oracle@ora10g scripts]$ ls -l
total 4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 2443 Dec 24 14:29 backup_full.sh
[oracle@ora10g scripts]$ ./backup_full.sh
RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> 2> 3> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> [oracle@ora10g backupsets]$ ls -lrth
total 190M
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9.8M Dec 24 14:24 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867162246_380.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.7M Dec 24 14:24 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867162255_381.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 439K Dec 24 14:24 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867162257_382.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 747K Dec 24 14:33 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867162820_384.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 170M Dec 24 14:36 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867162823_385.db
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 491K Dec 24 14:36 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867162990_386.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7.3M Dec 24 14:36 ora10g-c-4175411955-20141224-00.ctl
[oracle@ora10g backupsets]$
根据刚才的配置，正确的生成了RMAN备份集，总大小为190M左右，其中最大的数据文件的备份集为170M，而在RMAN脚本中配置的
在备份脚本中，配置了format格式为“$ORACLE_SID-%I_%T_%t_%s.db”，以下为脚本具体的语句：
backup as compressed backupset database format '$RMAN_BACKUPSETS/$ORACLE_SID-%I_%T_%t_%s.db' tag 'db_bak' plus archivelog format '$RMAN_BACKUPSETS/$ORACLE_SID-%I_%T_%t_%s.arc' not backed up 1 times delete all input tag 'arc_bak';
当把MAXPIECESIZE的值改小，比之前最大的备份集大小（170M）还要小，比方说改成100M后，再运行之前的备份脚本，然后查看RMAN输出的日志文件，发现报ORA-27038，提示文件已经存在：
[oracle@ora10g backupsets]$ cat ../logs/rman.log |grep ORA-
ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/orabackup/backupsets/ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867163196_389.db"
ORA-27038: created file already exists
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 2 at 2014-12-24
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of backup plus archivelog command at 12/24/2014 14:41:52
ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/orabackup/backupsets/ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867163196_389.db"
ORA-27038: created file already exists
Additional information: 1
正常情况下，生成的最大备份集有170M，但是刚才通过修改MAXPIECESIZE参数为100M后，在生成备份集时，一旦备份集大小超过100M时，就会自动生成第2个备份片，而由于我在format中仅仅是配置了“$ORACLE_SID-%I_%T_%t_%s.db”，这几个通配符的含义是：
%I -- DBID
%T -- 日期时间（年月日）
%t -- 自动生成的时间戳
%s -- 备份集序列号（Sequence）
当第一个备份片达到MAXPIECESIZE限定的100M后，想去生成第2个文件，但是由于这几个通配符不足以区分备份集中的备份片（生成了同一个文件名），当第2个备份片创建时提示文件已存在，最终导致备份失败。
解决这个问题的方法有2种：
1. 在format参数中增加%p通配符
当超过MAXPIECESIZE后，只有%p才能够生成不同的备份片，因为%t这个时间戳不足以区分不同的别分片的名称
[oracle@ora10g backupsets]$ . ../scripts/backup_full.sh
RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> 2> 3> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> [oracle@ora10g backupsets]$ ls -lrth ../backupsets/
total 375M
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9.8M Dec 24 14:24 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867162246_380.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.7M Dec 24 14:24 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867162255_381.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 439K Dec 24 14:24 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867162257_382.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 747K Dec 24 14:33 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867162820_384.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 170M Dec 24 14:36 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867162823_385.db
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 491K Dec 24 14:36 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867162990_386.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7.3M Dec 24 14:36 ora10g-c-4175411955-20141224-00.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 30K Dec 24 14:39 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867163193_388.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7.4M Dec 24 15:03 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867164604_390_1.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 99M Dec 24 15:05 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867164614_391_1.db
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 73M Dec 24 15:06 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867164614_391_2.db
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 22K Dec 24 15:06 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867164776_392_1.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7.3M Dec 24 15:06 ora10g-c-4175411955-20141224-01.ctl
[oracle@ora10g backupsets]$
在format中增加%p通配符后，问题得到解决，通过脚本备份集又可以正常创建备份集了，注意由于配置了%p，这里db的备份集变成了2个备份片，分别为“_1”，“_2”，以100M为分割点（MAXPIECESIZE指定的大小）
[oracle@ora10g backupsets]$ cat ../logs/rman.log |grep ORA-
ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/orabackup/backupsets/ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867163196_389.db"
ORA-27038: created file already exists
[oracle@ora10g backupsets]$
由于RMAN备份日志用的是append方式，抓取出来的这个错误时之前记录进去的，没有新增的ORA-27038出现了
2. 将MAXPIECESIZE的值清空
MAXPIECESIZE设置为无限大，自然可以解决备份集超过上限的问题，也可以不用配置%p，但是不推荐使用这种方法，如果因为数据库的数据量非常大，将导致生成的备份集过大，不利于存储和恢复
RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK clear;
old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE 100 M;
old RMAN configuration parameters are successfully deleted --原来配置的MAXPIECESIZE的值清空完成
RMAN> show all;
RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 5;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/orabackup/backupsets/ora10g-%F.ctl';
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE;
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_ora10g.f'; # default
可以看到，刚才MAXPIECESIZE的值在show all中已经不存在了，也就是对备份片没有限制了
再次进行备份，可以通过脚本运行，也可以单独执行下面的备份语句：
RMAN> backup as compressed backupset database format '$RMAN_BACKUPSETS/$ORACLE_SID-%I_%T_%t_%s.db' tag 'db_bak' plus archivelog format '$RMAN_BACKUPSETS/$ORACLE_SID-%I_%T_%t_%s.arc' not backed up 1 times delete all input tag 'arc_bak';
[oracle@ora10g backupsets]$ . ../scripts/backup_full.sh
RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> 2> 3> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN>
[oracle@ora10g backupsets]$ ls -lrth ../backupsets/
total 553M
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9.8M Dec 24 14:24 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867162246_380.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.7M Dec 24 14:24 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867162255_381.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 439K Dec 24 14:24 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867162257_382.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 747K Dec 24 14:33 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867162820_384.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 170M Dec 24 14:36 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867162823_385.db
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 491K Dec 24 14:36 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867162990_386.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7.3M Dec 24 14:36 ora10g-c-4175411955-20141224-00.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 30K Dec 24 14:39 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867163193_388.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7.4M Dec 24 15:03 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867164604_390_1.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 99M Dec 24 15:05 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867164614_391_1.db
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 73M Dec 24 15:06 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867164614_391_2.db
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 22K Dec 24 15:06 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867164776_392_1.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7.3M Dec 24 15:06 ora10g-c-4175411955-20141224-01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 457K Dec 24 15:25 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867165923_394.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 170M Dec 24 15:28 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867165927_395.db
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 20K Dec 24 15:28 ora10g-4175411955_20141224_867166094_396.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7.3M Dec 24 15:28 ora10g-c-4175411955-20141224-02.ctl
[oracle@ora10g backupsets]$
第3次执行备份脚本生成的备份集没有分片（因为去掉了%p参数），同时也去掉了MAXPIECESIZE的限制
总结
如果才RMAN参数中配置了MAXIECESIZE的值为一个给定的具体值时，那么再FORMAT中必须叫上%p的通配符，否则一旦备份片超过设定的上限值后，就无法生成后续备份片，导致备份失败。因此通常情况下，建议配置MAXPIECESIZE参数，并且在FORMAT中加上%U通配符，它包含了%u（自动计算出的唯一8位编号）,%p（备份片号）,%c（备份片拷贝数，1-256）。
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