详述两种给Grid Infrastructure打补丁的方法
详述两种给Grid Infrastructure打补丁的方法
升级打补丁是系统管理员重要的工作内容。Oracle Grid Infrastructure是目前比较复杂的集群管理中间件，当出现各种奇怪问题的时候，寻求官方服务支持（MOS）和打补丁是最常见的做法。
同简单单实例文件系统数据库database补丁有所不同的是，GI（Grid Infrastructure）打补丁过程要涉及到其上ASM、Listener和Database Instance的各种关系。同时，一些关键骨架后台进程，如ohasd等还需要root权限的参与。
本篇笔者主要针对两种OPatch补丁策略，演示常见的两种给GI打补丁的方法，即Apply和Auto策略。
1、实验环境介绍
笔者选择Oracle 11gR2进行测试，GI版本为11.2.0.4。
[grid@NCR-Standby-Asm ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed May 27 09:32:18 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysasm
Connected.
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.4.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 – Production
注意：根据Oracle官方意见，OPatch是进行补丁的重要工具。每个补丁解决故障问题不同，安装方式也有所差异。严格按照安装步骤、做好备份工作和预定好回退措施是确保补丁安装的重要步骤。另外，每次打补丁的时候，要从MOS上下载最新版本的OPatch程序包，替换$ORACLE_HOME下的程序包。
2、OPatch Apply策略补丁
和Oracle Instance不同，GI的工作机制更加复杂，基础进行ohasd等都是绑定在操作系统init级别的进程。使用OPatch Apply策略进行补丁的时候，要注意操作前提和步骤、确保相关进程服务关闭。
首先解压补丁文件包。
[root@NCR-Standby-Asm upload]# ls -l
total 282780
drwxr-xr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Oct 20 2014 19852360
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 407030 May 25 09:06 p19852360_112040_Generic.zip
注意：要参考补丁安装文档，确定使用哪个用户进行补丁执行操作。一般Apply方式进行GI补丁，使用grid用户比较常见。同时要注意权限问题，最好将补丁文件包权限“人为降低”，避免出现麻烦。
[root@NCR-Standby-Asm upload]# chown -R grid:oinstall 19852360/
[root@NCR-Standby-Asm upload]# ls -l
total 282780
drwxr-xr-x 4 grid oinstall 4096 Oct 20 2014 19852360
进行补丁前，要通过opatch的prereq方法检查补丁兼容性，尽早发现问题，避免回退。
[grid@NCR-Standby-Asm upload]$ cd 19852360/
[grid@NCR-Standby-Asm 19852360]$ opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -ph ./
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.10
Copyright (c) 2015, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
PREREQ session
Oracle Home : /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from : /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.10
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2015-05-25_09-57-08AM_1.log
Invoking prereq "checkconflictagainstohwithdetail"
Prereq "checkConflictAgainstOHWithDetail" passed.
OPatch succeeded.
根据补丁要求，关闭监听器、数据库服务器和一切与JDBC相关的组件。
[grid@NCR-Standby-Asm ~]$ crsctl stat res -t -init
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg
ONLINE OFFLINE ncr-standby-asm
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
OFFLINE OFFLINE ncr-standby-asm
ora.RECO.dg
ONLINE OFFLINE ncr-standby-asm
ora.asm
OFFLINE OFFLINE ncr-standby-asm Instance Shutdown
ora.ons
OFFLINE OFFLINE ncr-standby-asm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.cssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE ncr-standby-asm
ora.diskmon
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.evmd
1 ONLINE ONLINE ncr-standby-asm
ora.sicsstb.db
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown
执行锁定脚本，由于GI部分进程工作原理，所以进行apply补丁之前要执行特殊的root脚本，对进程继续锁定（RAC和Non-RAC GI架构下脚本有差异，请注意）。
[grid@NCR-Standby-Asm 19852360]$ env | grep ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid
[root@NCR-Standby-Asm ~]# cd /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid
[root@NCR-Standby-Asm grid]# cd crs/install/
[root@NCR-Standby-Asm install]# ./roothas.pl -unlock
Using configuration parameter file: ./crsconfig_params
Successfully unlock /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid
进行补丁动作。
[grid@NCR-Standby-Asm 19852360]$ opatch apply
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.10
Copyright (c) 2015, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Oracle Home : /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from : /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.10
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatch/19852360_May_25_2015_10_02_26/apply2015-05-25_10-02-26AM_1.log
Applying interim patch '19852360' to OH '/u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid'
Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
All checks passed.
Provide your email address to be informed of security issues, install and
initiate Oracle Configuration Manager. Easier for you if you use your My
Oracle Support Email address/User Name.
Visit http://www.oracle.com/support/policies.html for details.
Email address/User Name:
You have not provided an email address for notification of security issues.
Do you wish to remain uninformed of security issues ([Y]es, [N]o) [N]: Y
Backing up files...
Patching component oracle.dbjava.jdbc, 11.2.0.4.0...
Patching component oracle.dbjava.ic, 11.2.0.4.0...
Verifying the update...
Patch 19852360 successfully applied
Log file location: /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatch/19852360_May_25_2015_10_02_26/apply2015-05-25_10-02-26AM_1.log
OPatch succeeded.
执行脚本锁定GI进程。
[root@NCR-Standby-Asm install]# ./roothas.pl -patch
Using configuration parameter file: ./crsconfig_params
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started
使用opatch程序验证补丁操作成功。
[grid@NCR-Standby-Asm 19852360]$ opatch lsinventory
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.10
Copyright (c) 2015, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Oracle Home : /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from : /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.10
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2015-05-25_10-03-07AM_1.log
Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2015-05-25_10-03-07AM.txt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Machine Information::
Hostname: localhost
ARU platform id: 226
ARU platform description:: Linux x86-64
Installed Top-level Products (1):
Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g 11.2.0.4.0
There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.
Interim patches (1) :
Patch 19852360 : applied on Mon May 25 10:02:48 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 18170553
Created on 20 Oct 2014, 08:17:43 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
19852360
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPatch succeeded.
补丁安装成功。
下面介绍opatch的auto补丁方法。
更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容：
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