Android SearchView 搜索框


效果图

如果对这个效果感觉不错, 请往下看.

背景: 天气预报app, 本地数据库存储70个大中城市的基本信息, 根据用户输入的或通过搜索框选取的城市, 点击查询按钮后, 异步请求国家气象局数据, 得到返回的json解析并显示.

1. 先说AndroidManifest.xml文件

  1. <uses-sdk
  2. android:minSdkVersion="11"
  3. android:targetSdkVersion="16"/>
  5. <application>
  6. <activity
  7. android:name="com.lichen.weather.WeatherActivity"
  8. android:launchMode="singleTop"
  9. android:label="@string/app_name">
  10. <intent-filter>
  11. <!-- 省略 -->
  12. </intent-filter>
  14. <!-- 关注1 -->
  15. <!-- Receives the search request. -->
  16. <intent-filter>
  17. <actionandroid:name="android.intent.action.SEARCH"/>
  18. <!-- No category needed, because the Intent will specify this class component-->
  19. </intent-filter>
  21. <!-- Points to searchable meta data. -->
  22. <meta-dataandroid:name="android.app.searchable"
  23. android:resource="@xml/searchable"/>
  24. <!-- /关注1 -->
  26. </activity>
  27. <providerandroid:name="com.lichen.db.CityContentProvider"
  28. android:authorities="com.lichen.cityprovider"
  29. android:label="@string/app_name"></provider>
  31. <!-- 关注2 -->
  32. <!-- Points to searchable activity so the whole app can invoke search. -->
  33. <meta-dataandroid:name="android.app.default_searchable"
  34. android:value="com.lichen.weather.WeatherActivity"/>
  35. <!-- /关注2 -->
  37. </application>

2. menu菜单里面加入

  1. <menuxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
  3. <itemandroid:id="@+id/search"
  4. android:title="@string/menu_search"
  5. android:showAsAction="collapseActionView|ifRoom"
  6. android:actionViewClass="android.widget.SearchView"/>
  8. </menu>

3. 然后在res目录下新建xml/searchable.xml

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2. <searchable xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  3. android:label="@string/search_label"
  4. android:hint="@string/search_hint"
  5. android:searchSuggestAuthority="com.lichen.cityprovider"
  6. android:searchSuggestIntentAction="android.intent.action.VIEW"
  7. android:searchSuggestIntentData="content://com.lichen.cityprovider/city"
  8. android:searchSuggestSelection=" ?"
  9. android:searchSuggestThreshold="1"
  10. android:includeInGlobalSearch="true">
  11. </searchable>

字符串尽量使用@string/search_label这种方式.

4. Activity中

因为注册Activity的启动方式为android:launchMode="singleTop",需要Activity的protectedvoid onNewIntent(Intent intent) {}来交互.

  1. @Override
  2. protectedvoid onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
  3. handleIntent(intent);
  4. }
  6. privatevoid handleIntent(Intent intent) {
  7. if (Intent.ACTION_VIEW.equals(intent.getAction())) {
  8. //查询数据库
  9. Cursor searchCursor = getContentResolver().query(intent.getData(), null, null, null, null);
  10. if (searchCursor != null && searchCursor.moveToFirst()) {
  11. cityInput.setText(searchCursor.getString(searchCursor.getColumnIndex(City.CITY_DESCRIBE)));
  12. }
  13. }
  15. @Override
  16. publicboolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
  17. getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_weather, menu);
  19. SearchManager searchManager = (SearchManager) getSystemService(Context.SEARCH_SERVICE);
  20. SearchView searchView = (SearchView) menu.findItem(R.id.search).getActionView();
  21. searchView.setSearchableInfo(searchManager.getSearchableInfo(getComponentName()));
  22. searchView.setIconifiedByDefault(false);
  23. returntrue;
  24. }

以上的在网上可以搜索到,接下来是重点...

5. 需要数据库支持

  1. publicclass CityDatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
  3. protectedstaticfinal String DATABASE_NAME = "city.db";
  4. protectedstaticfinalint DATABASE_VERSION = 6;
  5. public String[] columns = new String[] {
  6. SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_TEXT_1,
  7. SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_TEXT_2,
  8. SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_ICON_1,
  9. SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_ICON_2,
  10. BaseColumns._ID,
  11. SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_DATA_ID};
  13. privatestaticfinal HashMap<String,String> mColumnMap = buildColumnMap();
  15. public CityDatabaseHelper(Context context) {
  16. super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
  17. }
  19. privatestatic HashMap<String,String> buildColumnMap() {
  20. HashMap<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
  21. map.put(SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_TEXT_1, City.CITY_DESCRIBE + " as "+SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_TEXT_1);
  22. map.put(SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_TEXT_2, City.CITY_NICKNAME + " as "+SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_TEXT_2);
  23. map.put(SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_ICON_1, City.CITY_IMG + " as "+SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_ICON_1);
  24. map.put(SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_ICON_2, City.CITY_IMG_2 + " as "+SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_ICON_2);
  25. map.put(BaseColumns._ID, "rowid AS " + BaseColumns._ID);
  26. map.put(SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_DATA_ID, "rowid AS " + SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_DATA_ID);
  27. return map;
  28. }
  30. @Override
  31. publicvoid onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
  32. db.execSQL("create table "
  33. + City.TABLE_NAME
  34. + "(_id integer primary key autoincrement, city_id integer, city_name text, city_nickname text, city_describe text, city_img text, city_img_2 text)");
  35. }
  37. @Override
  38. publicvoid onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
  39. db.execSQL("drop table if exists " + City.TABLE_NAME);
  40. onCreate(db);
  41. }
  43. /**
  44. * 用于ContentProvider调用,使用like的模糊查询
  45. */
  46. public Cursor search(String keyWord){
  47. SQLiteQueryBuilder builder=new SQLiteQueryBuilder();
  48. builder.setTables(City.TABLE_NAME);
  49. builder.setProjectionMap(mColumnMap);
  50. SQLiteDatabase db=getReadableDatabase();
  52. return builder.query(db, columns, City.CITY_NAME + " like ? " + " or " + City.CITY_NICKNAME +" like ? ", new String[]{"%"+keyWord+"%", "%"+keyWord+"%"}, null, null,null);
  53. }
  54. }

6. 完成searchable.xml里面注册的ContentProvider

  1. publicclass CityContentProvider extends ContentProvider {
  3. publicstaticfinal String AUTHORITY = "com.lichen.cityprovider";
  5. private SQLiteDatabase db;
  6. private CityDatabaseHelper dbHelper;
  8. privatestaticfinalint QUERY_NORMAL= 1;
  9. privatestaticfinalint QUERY_BY_ID= 2;
  10. privatestaticfinalint QUERY_SEARCH_CITY_NAME= 3;
  12. publicstatic UriMatcher uriMatcher;
  13. static{
  14. uriMatcher=new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
  16. uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"city", QUERY_NORMAL);
  17. uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"city/#", QUERY_BY_ID);
  19. uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,SearchManager.SUGGEST_URI_PATH_QUERY, QUERY_SEARCH_CITY_NAME);
  20. uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,SearchManager.SUGGEST_URI_PATH_QUERY + "/*", QUERY_SEARCH_CITY_NAME);
  21. }
  23. @Override
  24. publicboolean onCreate() {
  25. dbHelper = new CityDatabaseHelper(getContext());
  26. return dbHelper != null;
  27. }
  29. @Override
  30. public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
  31. String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
  32. db = dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
  33. switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
  34. case QUERY_SEARCH_CITY_NAME:
  35. return dbHelper.search(selectionArgs[0]);
  36. default:
  37. thrownew IllegalArgumentException("Unknown Uri: " + uri);
  38. }
  39. }
  40. }

like模糊查询对于大数据量效果可想而知,FTS3的支持还未尝试,详情参考Android SDK里面的Samples/SearchableDictionary

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