硬盘监控和分析工具：Smartctl


Smartctl（S.M.A.R.T 自监控，分析和报告技术）是类Unix系统下实施SMART任务命令行套件或工具，它用于打印SMART自检和错误日志，启用并禁用SMRAT自动检测，以及初始化设备自检。

Smartctl对于Linux物理服务器十分有用，在这些服务器上，可以对智能磁盘进行错误检查，并将与硬件RAID相关的磁盘信息摘录下来。

在本帖中，我们将讨论smartctl命令的一些实用样例。如果你的Linux上海没有安装smartctl，请按以下步骤来安装。

使用Smartctl查Dell服务器坏道实录 

安装 Smartctl

对于 Ubuntu

  1. $ sudo apt-get install smartmontools

对于 CentOS & RHEL

  1. # yum install smartmontools

启动Smartctl服务

对于 Ubuntu

  1. $ sudo /etc/init.d/smartmontools start

对于 CentOS & RHEL

  1. # service smartd start ; chkconfig smartd on

样例

样例：1 检查磁盘的 Smart 功能是否启用

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -i /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.22013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic](local build)
  3. Copyright(C)2002-13,BruceAllen,ChristianFranke, www.smartmontools.org
  4.  
  5. === START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
  6. ModelFamily:SeagateMomentus5400.6
  7. DeviceModel: ST9320325AS
  8. SerialNumber:5VD2V59T
  9. LU WWN DeviceId:5000c50020a37ec4
  10. FirmwareVersion:0002BSM1
  11. UserCapacity:320,072,933,376 bytes [320 GB]
  12. SectorSize:512 bytes logical/physical
  13. RotationRate:5400 rpm
  14. Deviceis:In smartctl database [for details use:-P show]
  15. ATA Versionis: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
  16. SATA Versionis: SATA 2.6,1.5Gb/s
  17. LocalTimeis:SunNov1612:32:092014 IST
  18. SMART support is:Available- device has SMART capability.
  19. SMART support is:Enabled

这里‘/dev/sdb’是你的硬盘。上面输出中的最后两行显示了SMART功能已启用。

样例：2 启用磁盘的 Smart 功能

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s on /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.22013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic](local build)
  3. Copyright(C)2002-13,BruceAllen,ChristianFranke, www.smartmontools.org
  4.  
  5. === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
  6. SMART Enabled.

样例：3 禁用磁盘的 Smart 功能

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s off /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.22013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic](local build)
  3. Copyright(C)2002-13,BruceAllen,ChristianFranke, www.smartmontools.org
  4.  
  5. === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
  6. SMART Disabled.Use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.

样例：4 显示磁盘的详细 Smart 信息

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a /dev/sdb // For IDE drive
  2. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sdb // For SATA drive

样例：5 显示磁盘总体健康状况

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -H /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.22013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic](local build)
  3. Copyright(C)2002-13,BruceAllen,ChristianFranke, www.smartmontools.org
  4.  
  5. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
  6. SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
  7. Warning:This result is based on an Attribute check.
  8. Please note the following marginal Attributes:
  9. ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  10. 190Airflow_Temperature_Cel0x0022067045045Old_ageAlwaysIn_the_past33(Min/Max25/33)

样例：6 使用long和short选项测试硬盘

Long测试

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long/dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.22013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic](local build)
  3. Copyright(C)2002-13,BruceAllen,ChristianFranke, www.smartmontools.org
  4.  
  5. === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
  6. Sending command:"Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
  7. Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
  8. Testing has begun.
  9. Please wait 102 minutes for test to complete.
  10. Test will complete after SunNov1614:29:432014
  11.  
  12. Use smartctl -X to abort test.

或者，我们可以重定向测试输出到日志文件，就像下面这样

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long/dev/sdb >/var/log/long.text

Short测试

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short/dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.22013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic](local build)
  3. Copyright(C)2002-13,BruceAllen,ChristianFranke, www.smartmontools.org
  4.  
  5. === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
  6. Sending command:"Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
  7. Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
  8. Testing has begun.
  9. Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.
  10. Test will complete after SunNov1612:51:452014
  11.  
  12. Use smartctl -X to abort test.

或

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short/dev/sdb >/var/log/short.text

注意：short测试将花费最多2分钟，而在long测试中没有时间限制，因为它会读取并验证磁盘的每个段。

样例：7 查看驱动器的自检结果

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.22013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic](local build)
  3. Copyright(C)2002-13,BruceAllen,ChristianFranke, www.smartmontools.org
  4.  
  5. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
  6. SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
  7. NumTest_DescriptionStatusRemainingLifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
  8. # 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222
  9. # 2 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222

样例：8 计算测试时间估值

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -c /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.22013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic](local build)
  3. Copyright(C)2002-13,BruceAllen,ChristianFranke, www.smartmontools.org
  4.  
  5. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
  6. General SMART Values:
  7. Offline data collection status:(0x00)Offline data collection activity
  8. was never started.
  9. AutoOfflineDataCollection:Disabled.
  10. Self-test execution status:(121)The previous self-test completed having
  11. the read element of the test failed.
  12. Total time to complete Offline
  13. data collection:(0) seconds.
  14. Offline data collection
  15. capabilities:(0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
  16. AutoOffline data collection on/off support.
  17. SuspendOffline collection upon new
  18. command.
  19. NoOffline surface scan supported.
  20. Self-test supported.
  21. ConveyanceSelf-test supported.
  22. SelectiveSelf-test supported.
  23. SMART capabilities:(0x0003)Saves SMART data before entering
  24. power-saving mode.
  25. Supports SMART auto save timer.
  26. Error logging capability:(0x01)Error logging supported.
  27. GeneralPurposeLogging supported.
  28. Shortself-test routine
  29. recommended polling time:(1) minutes.
  30. Extendedself-test routine
  31. recommended polling time:(102) minutes.
  32. Conveyanceself-test routine
  33. recommended polling time:(2) minutes.
  34. SCT capabilities:(0x103b) SCT Status supported.
  35. SCT ErrorRecoveryControl supported.
  36. SCT FeatureControl supported.
  37. SCT DataTable supported.

样例：9 显示磁盘错误日志

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l error /dev/sdb
  2.  
  3. SampleOutput
  4.  
  5. smartctl 6.22013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic](local build)
  6. Copyright(C)2002-13,BruceAllen,ChristianFranke, www.smartmontools.org
  7.  
  8. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
  9. SMART ErrorLogVersion:1
  10. ATA ErrorCount:5
  11. CR =CommandRegister[HEX]
  12. FR =FeaturesRegister[HEX]
  13. SC =SectorCountRegister[HEX]
  14. SN =SectorNumberRegister[HEX]
  15. CL =CylinderLowRegister[HEX]
  16. CH =CylinderHighRegister[HEX]
  17. DH =Device/HeadRegister[HEX]
  18. DC =DeviceCommandRegister[HEX]
  19. ER =Errorregister[HEX]
  20. ST =Statusregister[HEX]
  21. Powered_Up_Timeis measured from power on,and printed as
  22. DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
  23. SS=sec,and sss=millisec.It"wraps" after 49.710 days.
  24.  
  25. Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  26. CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_TimeCommand/Feature_Name
  27. ----------------------------------------------------
  28. 25 da 08 e7 e5 a5 4c0000:30:44.515 READ DMA EXT
  29. 25 da 08 df e5 a5 4c0000:30:44.514 READ DMA EXT
  30. 25 da 805f e5 a5 4c0000:30:44.502 READ DMA EXT
  31. 25 da f0 5f e6 a5 4c0000:30:44.496 READ DMA EXT
  32. 25 da 104f e6 a5 4c0000:30:44.383 READ DMA EXT

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