(四)Openstack学习之WSGI:自己动手写例子


WSGI 是Web Services Gateway Interface的缩写. 如果想深入了解,可以阅读 PEP 333 文档,包含有任何你想要的:)community errata, .这篇文章将手把手教你写一个简单的WSGI例子。

注意:我用的Python版本是.2.7.x.

最经典,最简答的WSGI样当属 Hello World app.

咱们将要用到 virtualenv 去创建一个封闭的Python项目环境:

$ virtualenv wsgi-example $ cd wsgi-example $ source bin/activate

然后在该目录下新建一个文件: wsgi_app.py 并且添加如下的代码 :

from __future__ import print_function   from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server     def myapp(environ, start_response):     response_headers = [('content-type', 'text/plain')]     start_response('200 OK', response_headers)     return ['Hello World']   app = myapp   httpd = make_server('', 8080, app) print("Starting the server on port 8080") httpd.serve_forever()

把项目跑起来:

$ python wsgi_app.py

之后就可以测试啦,测试有浏览器或者命令cURL两种方式,返回的应该是hello world 哦:

$ curl http://localhost:8080 -v

上面这个例子虽然清晰,但是一点都不爽啊so easy。let's high 起来。接下来我们继续往里面赛一条消息 。

修改 wsgi_app.py 文件成下面这个样纸:

from __future__ import print_function   from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server from urlparse import parse_qs     def myapp(environ, start_response):     msg = 'No Message!'       response_headers = [('content-type', 'text/plain')]     start_response('200 OK', response_headers)     qs_params = parse_qs(environ.get('QUERY_STRING'))       if 'msg' in qs_params:             msg = qs_params.get('msg')[0]       return ['Your message was: {}'.format(msg)]   app = myapp   httpd = make_server('', 8080, app) print("Starting the server on port 8080") httpd.serve_forever()

把程序跑起来,测试还是刚才那样。如果程序还在运行中,可以CTRL+C快捷键暂停并且重启。

$ curl http://localhost:8080/?msg=Hello -v

接下来,让我们继续聊中间件。你可以在这里 获得一些信息。这里我会写一个添加了HTTP 头回复的中间层例子。中间件可以做任何你能够想象的到的事情,例如session,认证等等。

中间件例子:

from __future__ import print_function   from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server     def myapp(environ, start_response):       response_headers = [('content-type', 'text/plain')]     start_response('200 OK', response_headers)     return ['Check the headers!']     class Middleware:     def __init__(self, app):         self.wrapped_app = app       def __call__(self, environ, start_response):           def custom_start_response(status, headers, exc_info=None):             headers.append(('X-A-SIMPLE-TOKEN', "1234567890"))             return start_response(status, headers, exc_info)           return self.wrapped_app(environ, custom_start_response)   app = Middleware(myapp)   httpd = make_server('', 8080, app) print("Starting the server on port 8080") httpd.serve_forever()

访问终端:

$ curl http://localhost:8080/ -v

结果差不多应该是介个样子的:

* Connected to localhost (127.0.0.1) port 8080 (#0) > GET / HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.30.0 > Host: localhost:8080 > Accept: */* > * HTTP 1.0, assume close after body < HTTP/1.0 200 OK < Date: Sat, 08 Feb 2014 00:16:00 GMT < Server: WSGIServer/0.1 Python/2.7.5 < content-type: text/plain < X-A-SIMPLE-TOKEN: 1234567890 < Content-Length: 18 < * Closing connection 0


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