Spark SQL Catalyst源码分析之Physical Plan，sparkcatalyst
Spark SQL Catalyst源码分析之Physical Plan，sparkcatalyst
前面几篇文章主要介绍的是spark sql包里的的spark sql执行流程，以及Catalyst包内的SqlParser，Analyzer和Optimizer，最后要介绍一下Catalyst里最后的一个Plan了，即Physical Plan。物理计划是Spark SQL执行Spark job的前置，也是最后一道计划。
如图：
一、SparkPlanner
话接上回，Optimizer接受输入的Analyzed Logical Plan后，会有SparkPlanner来对Optimized Logical Plan进行转换，生成Physical plans。lazy val optimizedPlan = optimizer(analyzed)
// TODO: Don't just pick the first one...
lazy val sparkPlan = planner(optimizedPlan).next() SparkPlanner的apply方法，会返回一个Iterator[PhysicalPlan]。SparkPlanner继承了SparkStrategies，SparkStrategies继承了QueryPlanner。
SparkStrategies包含了一系列特定的Strategies，这些Strategies是继承自QueryPlanner中定义的Strategy，它定义接受一个Logical Plan，生成一系列的Physical Plan
@transient
protected[sql] val planner = new SparkPlanner
protected[sql] class SparkPlanner extends SparkStrategies {
val sparkContext: SparkContext = self.sparkContext
val sqlContext: SQLContext = self
def numPartitions = self.numShufflePartitions //partitions的个数
val strategies: Seq[Strategy] = //策略的集合
CommandStrategy(self) ::
TakeOrdered ::
PartialAggregation ::
LeftSemiJoin ::
HashJoin ::
InMemoryScans ::
ParquetOperations ::
BasicOperators ::
CartesianProduct ::
BroadcastNestedLoopJoin :: Nil
etc......
}QueryPlanner 是SparkPlanner的基类，定义了一系列的关键点，如Strategy，planLater和apply。abstract class QueryPlanner[PhysicalPlan <: TreeNode[PhysicalPlan]] {
/** A list of execution strategies that can be used by the planner */
def strategies: Seq[Strategy]
/**
* Given a [[plans.logical.LogicalPlan LogicalPlan]], returns a list of `PhysicalPlan`s that can
* be used for execution. If this strategy does not apply to the give logical operation then an
* empty list should be returned.
*/
abstract protected class Strategy extends Logging {
def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[PhysicalPlan] //接受一个logical plan，返回Seq[PhysicalPlan]
}
/**
* Returns a placeholder for a physical plan that executes `plan`. This placeholder will be
* filled in automatically by the QueryPlanner using the other execution strategies that are
* available.
*/
protected def planLater(plan: LogicalPlan) = apply(plan).next() //返回一个占位符，占位符会自动被QueryPlanner用其它的strategies apply
def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Iterator[PhysicalPlan] = {
// Obviously a lot to do here still...
val iter = strategies.view.flatMap(_(plan)).toIterator //整合所有的Strategy，_(plan)每个Strategy应用plan上，得到所有Strategies执行完后生成的所有Physical Plan的集合，一个iter
assert(iter.hasNext, s"No plan for $plan")
iter //返回所有物理计划
}
}继承关系：
二、Spark Plan
Spark Plan是Catalyst里经过所有Strategies apply 的最终的物理执行计划的抽象类，它只是用来执行spark job的。lazy val executedPlan: SparkPlan = prepareForExecution(sparkPlan)prepareForExecution其实是一个RuleExecutor[SparkPlan]，当然这里的Rule就是SparkPlan了。
@transient
protected[sql] val prepareForExecution = new RuleExecutor[SparkPlan] {
val batches =
Batch("Add exchange", Once, AddExchange(self)) :: //添加shuffler操作如果必要的话
Batch("Prepare Expressions", Once, new BindReferences[SparkPlan]) :: Nil //Bind references
}Spark Plan继承Query Plan[Spark Plan]，里面定义的partition，requiredChildDistribution以及spark sql启动执行的execute方法。abstract class SparkPlan extends QueryPlan[SparkPlan] with Logging {
self: Product =>
// TODO: Move to `DistributedPlan`
/** Specifies how data is partitioned across different nodes in the cluster. */
def outputPartitioning: Partitioning = UnknownPartitioning(0) // TODO: WRONG WIDTH!
/** Specifies any partition requirements on the input data for this operator. */
def requiredChildDistribution: Seq[Distribution] =
Seq.fill(children.size)(UnspecifiedDistribution)
/**
* Runs this query returning the result as an RDD.
*/
def execute(): RDD[Row] //真正执行查询的方法execute，返回的是一个RDD
/**
* Runs this query returning the result as an array.
*/
def executeCollect(): Array[Row] = execute().map(_.copy()).collect() //exe & collect
protected def buildRow(values: Seq[Any]): Row = //根据当前的值，生成Row对象，其实是一个封装了Array的对象。
new GenericRow(values.toArray)
}关于Spark Plan的继承关系，如图：
三、Strategies
Strategy，注意这里Strategy是在execution包下的，在SparkPlanner里定义了目前的几种策略：LeftSemiJoin、HashJoin、PartialAggregation、BroadcastNestedLoopJoin、CartesianProduct、TakeOrdered、ParquetOperations、InMemoryScans、BasicOperators、CommandStrategy
3.1、LeftSemiJoin
Join分为好几种类型：case object Inner extends JoinType case object LeftOuter extends JoinType case object RightOuter extends JoinType case object FullOuter extends JoinType case object LeftSemi extends JoinType如果Logical Plan里的Join是joinType为LeftSemi的话，就会执行这种策略，
这里ExtractEquiJoinKeys是一个pattern定义在patterns.scala里，主要是做模式匹配用的。
这里匹配只要是等值的join操作，都会封装为ExtractEquiJoinKeys对象，它会解析当前join，最后返回(joinType, rightKeys, leftKeys, condition, leftChild, rightChild)的格式。
最后返回一个execution.LeftSemiJoinHash这个Spark Plan，可见Spark Plan的类图继承关系图。
object LeftSemiJoin extends Strategy with PredicateHelper {
def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
// Find left semi joins where at least some predicates can be evaluated by matching join keys
case ExtractEquiJoinKeys(LeftSemi, leftKeys, rightKeys, condition, left, right) =>
val semiJoin = execution.LeftSemiJoinHash( //根据解析后的Join，实例化execution.LeftSemiJoinHash这个Spark Plan 返回
leftKeys, rightKeys, planLater(left), planLater(right))
condition.map(Filter(_, semiJoin)).getOrElse(semiJoin) :: Nil
// no predicate can be evaluated by matching hash keys
case logical.Join(left, right, LeftSemi, condition) => //没有Join key的，即非等值join连接的，返回LeftSemiJoinBNL这个Spark Plan
execution.LeftSemiJoinBNL(
planLater(left), planLater(right), condition)(sqlContext) :: Nil
case _ => Nil
}
}
3.2、HashJoin
HashJoin是我们最见的操作，innerJoin类型，里面提供了2种Spark Plan，BroadcastHashJoin 和 ShuffledHashJoinBroadcastHashJoin的实现是一种广播变量的实现方法，如果设置了spark.sql.join.broadcastTables这个参数的表（表面逗号隔开）
就会用spark的Broadcast Variables方式先将一张表给查询出来，然后广播到各个机器中，相当于Hive中的map join。
ShuffledHashJoin是一种最传统的默认的join方式，会根据shuffle key进行shuffle的hash join。
object HashJoin extends Strategy with PredicateHelper {
private[this] def broadcastHashJoin(
leftKeys: Seq[Expression],
rightKeys: Seq[Expression],
left: LogicalPlan,
right: LogicalPlan,
condition: Option[Expression],
side: BuildSide) = {
val broadcastHashJoin = execution.BroadcastHashJoin(
leftKeys, rightKeys, side, planLater(left), planLater(right))(sqlContext)
condition.map(Filter(_, broadcastHashJoin)).getOrElse(broadcastHashJoin) :: Nil
}
def broadcastTables: Seq[String] = sqlContext.joinBroadcastTables.split(",").toBuffer //获取需要广播的表
def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
case ExtractEquiJoinKeys(
Inner,
leftKeys,
rightKeys,
condition,
left,
right @ PhysicalOperation(_, _, b: BaseRelation))
if broadcastTables.contains(b.tableName) => //如果右孩子是广播的表，则buildSide取BuildRight
broadcastHashJoin(leftKeys, rightKeys, left, right, condition, BuildRight)
case ExtractEquiJoinKeys(
Inner,
leftKeys,
rightKeys,
condition,
left @ PhysicalOperation(_, _, b: BaseRelation),
right)
if broadcastTables.contains(b.tableName) =>//如果左孩子是广播的表，则buildSide取BuildLeft
broadcastHashJoin(leftKeys, rightKeys, left, right, condition, BuildLeft)
case ExtractEquiJoinKeys(Inner, leftKeys, rightKeys, condition, left, right) =>
val hashJoin =
execution.ShuffledHashJoin( //根据hash key shuffle的 Hash Join
leftKeys, rightKeys, BuildRight, planLater(left), planLater(right))
condition.map(Filter(_, hashJoin)).getOrElse(hashJoin) :: Nil
case _ => Nil
}
}
3.3、PartialAggregation
PartialAggregation是一个部分聚合的策略，即有些聚合操作可以在local里面完成的，就在local data里完成，而不必要的去shuffle所有的字段。object PartialAggregation extends Strategy {
def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
case logical.Aggregate(groupingExpressions, aggregateExpressions, child) =>
// Collect all aggregate expressions.
val allAggregates =
aggregateExpressions.flatMap(_ collect { case a: AggregateExpression => a })
// Collect all aggregate expressions that can be computed partially.
val partialAggregates =
aggregateExpressions.flatMap(_ collect { case p: PartialAggregate => p })
// Only do partial aggregation if supported by all aggregate expressions.
if (allAggregates.size == partialAggregates.size) {
// Create a map of expressions to their partial evaluations for all aggregate expressions.
val partialEvaluations: Map[Long, SplitEvaluation] =
partialAggregates.map(a => (a.id, a.asPartial)).toMap
// We need to pass all grouping expressions though so the grouping can happen a second
// time. However some of them might be unnamed so we alias them allowing them to be
// referenced in the second aggregation.
val namedGroupingExpressions: Map[Expression, NamedExpression] = groupingExpressions.map {
case n: NamedExpression => (n, n)
case other => (other, Alias(other, "PartialGroup")())
}.toMap
// Replace aggregations with a new expression that computes the result from the already
// computed partial evaluations and grouping values.
val rewrittenAggregateExpressions = aggregateExpressions.map(_.transformUp {
case e: Expression if partialEvaluations.contains(e.id) =>
partialEvaluations(e.id).finalEvaluation
case e: Expression if namedGroupingExpressions.contains(e) =>
namedGroupingExpressions(e).toAttribute
}).asInstanceOf[Seq[NamedExpression]]
val partialComputation =
(namedGroupingExpressions.values ++
partialEvaluations.values.flatMap(_.partialEvaluations)).toSeq
// Construct two phased aggregation.
execution.Aggregate( //返回execution.Aggregate这个Spark Plan
partial = false,
namedGroupingExpressions.values.map(_.toAttribute).toSeq,
rewrittenAggregateExpressions,
execution.Aggregate(
partial = true,
groupingExpressions,
partialComputation,
planLater(child))(sqlContext))(sqlContext) :: Nil
} else {
Nil
}
case _ => Nil
}
}
3.4、BroadcastNestedLoopJoin
BroadcastNestedLoopJoin是用于Left Outer Join， RightOuter， FullOuter这三种类型的join而上述的Hash Join仅仅用于InnerJoin，这点要区分开来。
object BroadcastNestedLoopJoin extends Strategy {
def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
case logical.Join(left, right, joinType, condition) =>
execution.BroadcastNestedLoopJoin(
planLater(left), planLater(right), joinType, condition)(sqlContext) :: Nil
case _ => Nil
}
}部分代码； if (!matched && (joinType == LeftOuter || joinType == FullOuter)) { //LeftOuter or FullOuter
matchedRows += buildRow(streamedRow ++ Array.fill(right.output.size)(null))
}
}
Iterator((matchedRows, includedBroadcastTuples))
}
val includedBroadcastTuples = streamedPlusMatches.map(_._2)
val allIncludedBroadcastTuples =
if (includedBroadcastTuples.count == 0) {
new scala.collection.mutable.BitSet(broadcastedRelation.value.size)
} else {
streamedPlusMatches.map(_._2).reduce(_ ++ _)
}
val rightOuterMatches: Seq[Row] =
if (joinType == RightOuter || joinType == FullOuter) { //RightOuter or FullOuter
broadcastedRelation.value.zipWithIndex.filter {
case (row, i) => !allIncludedBroadcastTuples.contains(i)
}.map {
// TODO: Use projection.
case (row, _) => buildRow(Vector.fill(left.output.size)(null) ++ row)
}
} else {
Vector()
}
3.5、CartesianProduct
笛卡尔积的Join，有待过滤条件的Join。
主要是利用RDD的cartesian实现的。
object CartesianProduct extends Strategy {
def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
case logical.Join(left, right, _, None) =>
execution.CartesianProduct(planLater(left), planLater(right)) :: Nil
case logical.Join(left, right, Inner, Some(condition)) =>
execution.Filter(condition,
execution.CartesianProduct(planLater(left), planLater(right))) :: Nil
case _ => Nil
}
}
3.6、TakeOrdered
TakeOrdered是用于Limit操作的，如果有Limit和Sort操作。则返回一个TakeOrdered的Spark Plan。
主要也是利用RDD的takeOrdered方法来实现的排序后取TopN。
object TakeOrdered extends Strategy {
def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
case logical.Limit(IntegerLiteral(limit), logical.Sort(order, child)) =>
execution.TakeOrdered(limit, order, planLater(child))(sqlContext) :: Nil
case _ => Nil
}
}
3.7、ParquetOperations
支持ParquetOperations的读写，插入Table等。 object ParquetOperations extends Strategy {
def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
// TODO: need to support writing to other types of files. Unify the below code paths.
case logical.WriteToFile(path, child) =>
val relation =
ParquetRelation.create(path, child, sparkContext.hadoopConfiguration)
// Note: overwrite=false because otherwise the metadata we just created will be deleted
InsertIntoParquetTable(relation, planLater(child), overwrite=false)(sqlContext) :: Nil
case logical.InsertIntoTable(table: ParquetRelation, partition, child, overwrite) =>
InsertIntoParquetTable(table, planLater(child), overwrite)(sqlContext) :: Nil
case PhysicalOperation(projectList, filters: Seq[Expression], relation: ParquetRelation) =>
val prunePushedDownFilters =
if (sparkContext.conf.getBoolean(ParquetFilters.PARQUET_FILTER_PUSHDOWN_ENABLED, true)) {
(filters: Seq[Expression]) => {
filters.filter { filter =>
// Note: filters cannot be pushed down to Parquet if they contain more complex
// expressions than simple "Attribute cmp Literal" comparisons. Here we remove
// all filters that have been pushed down. Note that a predicate such as
// "(A AND B) OR C" can result in "A OR C" being pushed down.
val recordFilter = ParquetFilters.createFilter(filter)
if (!recordFilter.isDefined) {
// First case: the pushdown did not result in any record filter.
true
} else {
// Second case: a record filter was created; here we are conservative in
// the sense that even if "A" was pushed and we check for "A AND B" we
// still want to keep "A AND B" in the higher-level filter, not just "B".
!ParquetFilters.findExpression(recordFilter.get, filter).isDefined
}
}
}
} else {
identity[Seq[Expression]] _
}
pruneFilterProject(
projectList,
filters,
prunePushedDownFilters,
ParquetTableScan(_, relation, filters)(sqlContext)) :: Nil
case _ => Nil
}
}
3.8、InMemoryScans
InMemoryScans主要是对InMemoryRelation这个Logical Plan操作。调用的其实是Spark Planner里的pruneFilterProject这个方法。
object InMemoryScans extends Strategy {
def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
case PhysicalOperation(projectList, filters, mem: InMemoryRelation) =>
pruneFilterProject(
projectList,
filters,
identity[Seq[Expression]], // No filters are pushed down.
InMemoryColumnarTableScan(_, mem)) :: Nil
case _ => Nil
}
}
3.9、BasicOperators
所有定义在org.apache.spark.sql.execution里的基本的Spark Plan，它们都在org.apache.spark.sql.execution包下basicOperators.scala内的有Project、Filter、Sample、Union、Limit、TakeOrdered、Sort、ExistingRdd。
这些是基本元素，实现都相对简单，基本上都是RDD里的方法来实现的。
object BasicOperators extends Strategy {
def numPartitions = self.numPartitions
def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
case logical.Distinct(child) =>
execution.Aggregate(
partial = false, child.output, child.output, planLater(child))(sqlContext) :: Nil
case logical.Sort(sortExprs, child) =>
// This sort is a global sort. Its requiredDistribution will be an OrderedDistribution.
execution.Sort(sortExprs, global = true, planLater(child)):: Nil
case logical.SortPartitions(sortExprs, child) =>
// This sort only sorts tuples within a partition. Its requiredDistribution will be
// an UnspecifiedDistribution.
execution.Sort(sortExprs, global = false, planLater(child)) :: Nil
case logical.Project(projectList, child) =>
execution.Project(projectList, planLater(child)) :: Nil
case logical.Filter(condition, child) =>
execution.Filter(condition, planLater(child)) :: Nil
case logical.Aggregate(group, agg, child) =>
execution.Aggregate(partial = false, group, agg, planLater(child))(sqlContext) :: Nil
case logical.Sample(fraction, withReplacement, seed, child) =>
execution.Sample(fraction, withReplacement, seed, planLater(child)) :: Nil
case logical.LocalRelation(output, data) =>
val dataAsRdd =
sparkContext.parallelize(data.map(r =>
new GenericRow(r.productIterator.map(convertToCatalyst).toArray): Row))
execution.ExistingRdd(output, dataAsRdd) :: Nil
case logical.Limit(IntegerLiteral(limit), child) =>
execution.Limit(limit, planLater(child))(sqlContext) :: Nil
case Unions(unionChildren) =>
execution.Union(unionChildren.map(planLater))(sqlContext) :: Nil
case logical.Generate(generator, join, outer, _, child) =>
execution.Generate(generator, join = join, outer = outer, planLater(child)) :: Nil
case logical.NoRelation =>
execution.ExistingRdd(Nil, singleRowRdd) :: Nil
case logical.Repartition(expressions, child) =>
execution.Exchange(HashPartitioning(expressions, numPartitions), planLater(child)) :: Nil
case SparkLogicalPlan(existingPlan, _) => existingPlan :: Nil
case _ => Nil
}
}
3.10 CommandStrategy
CommandStrategy是专门针对Command类型的Logical Plan即set key = value 、 explain sql、 cache table xxx 这类操作
SetCommand主要实现方式是SparkContext的参数
ExplainCommand主要实现方式是利用executed Plan打印出tree string
CacheCommand主要实现方式SparkContext的cache table和uncache table
case class CommandStrategy(context: SQLContext) extends Strategy {
def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
case logical.SetCommand(key, value) =>
Seq(execution.SetCommand(key, value, plan.output)(context))
case logical.ExplainCommand(logicalPlan) =>
Seq(execution.ExplainCommand(logicalPlan, plan.output)(context))
case logical.CacheCommand(tableName, cache) =>
Seq(execution.CacheCommand(tableName, cache)(context))
case _ => Nil
}
}
四、Execution
Spark Plan的Execution方式均为调用其execute()方法生成RDD，除了简单的基本操作例如上面的basic operator实现比较简单，其它的实现都比较复杂，大致的实现我都在上面介绍了，本文就不详细讨论了。五、总结
本文从介绍了Spark SQL的Catalyst框架的Physical plan以及其如何从Optimized Logical Plan转化为Spark Plan的过程，这个过程用到了很多的物理计划策略Strategies，每个Strategies最后还是在RuleExecutor里面被执行，最后生成一系列物理计划Executed Spark Plans。Spark Plan是执行前最后一种计划，当生成executed spark plan后，就可以调用collect()方法来启动Spark Job来进行Spark SQL的真正执行了。
——EOF——
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