实战演示 bacula 软件备份功能,演示bacula #Dbpool在b


一、实例演示bacula的完全备份功能

1．创建卷组

执行如下命令，连接到bacula控制端，执行备份恢复操作：

[root@baculaserver opt]#/opt/bacula/sbin/bconsole 
Connecting to Director 192.168.12.188:9101
1000 OK: f10-64-build-dir Version: 3.0.2 (18 July 2009)
Enter a period to cancel a command
*label
Automatically selected Storage: dbsd

Enter new Volume name: cicro4 #卷组名称，可随意指定，指定完毕后会在
#bacula-dir.conf文件的指定位置生成一个cicro4文件
Defined Pools:
1: dbpool
2: Scratch
Select the Pool (1-2): 1 #指定卷组的放置位置，即为SD名称。
#Dbpool在bacula-dir.conf中定义
Connecting to Storage daemon dbsd at 192.168.12.188:9103 ... #由于指定SD在
#192.168.12.188主机上，因此将卷cicro4创建到了此主机上
Sending label command for Volume "cicro4" Slot 0 ...
3000 OK label. VolBytes=191 DVD=0 Volume="cicro4" Device="dbdev" (/cicro/backup2)
Catalog record for Volume "cicro4", Slot 0 successfully created.
Requesting to mount dbdev ...
3906 file device "dbdev" (/cicro/backup2) is always mounted.

2．利用run命令执行备份操作

下面继续在bacula控制端执行备份操作：

*run
A job name must be specified.
The defined Job resources are: 
1: Client1 #这里的Client1 是在bacula-dir.conf中定义的一个Job执行任务
2: Client #这里的Client 也是在bacula-dir.conf中定义的一个Job执行任务
3: BackupCatalog
4: RestoreFiles
Select Job resource (1-2): 1
Run Backup job
JobName: Client1
Level: Incremental
Client: dbfd
FileSet: dbfs
Pool: dbpool (From Job resource)
Storage: dbsd (From Job resource)
When: 2009-08-21 13:40:13
Priority: 10
OK to run? (yes/mod/no): yes
Job queued. JobId=67

到此为止，可以开始执行备份，在bacula-dir.conf文件中定义的Client1是一个增量备份，因此这个备份只是个增量操作。由于这是第一个备份，因此默认Client1会做一个完全备，第二次备份时，才执行增量备份。

3．查看备份状态

在bacula控制端利用“status”可以查看bacula的各种状态，这里查看备份时Director端的一个状态信息。

*status
Status available for:
1: Director
2: Storage
3: Client
4: All
Select daemon type for status (1-4): 1
f10-64-build-dir Version: 3.0.2 (18 July 2009) x86_64-unknown-Linux-gnu redhat
Daemon started 21-Aug-09 13:22, 0 jobs run since started.
Heap: heap=241,664 smbytes=82,242 max_bytes=82,498 bufs=245 max_bufs=250

Scheduled Jobs:
Level Type Pri Scheduled Name Volume
===============================================================================
Incremental Backup 10 21-Aug-09 23:05 Client1 cicro4
Running Jobs:
Console connected at 21-Aug-09 13:37
JobId Level Name Status
======================================================================
67 Full Client1.2009-08-21_13.40.16_07 is running

由此可知，备份正在进行，备份完成再次查看备份信息，输出如下：

*status
Status available for:
1: Director
2: Storage
3: Client
4: All
Select daemon type for status (1-4): 1

由于这里bacula将备份的存储端(SD)和控制端（DIR）设置在一台服务器上，因此可以通过选项1“Director”来查看SD的状态，如果SD端和DIR端不在一台服务器上，要查看选项2，即“Storage”。这里选择选项1r后输出内容如下：

f10-64-build-dir Version: 3.0.2 (18 July 2009) x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu redhat
Daemon started 21-Aug-09 13:22, 1 Job run since started.
Heap: heap=241,664 smbytes=73,891 max_bytes=84,825 bufs=212 max_bufs=250

Scheduled Jobs:
Level Type Pri Scheduled Name Volume
===============================================================================
Incremental Backup 10 21-Aug-09 23:05 Client1 cicro4

Running Jobs:
Console connected at 21-Aug-09 13:42
No Jobs running.
Terminated Jobs:
JobId Level Files Bytes Status Finished Name
====================================================================
58 Incr 2 46.85 M OK 19-Aug-09 16:51 Client1
59 Incr 2 3.908 M OK 19-Aug-09 16:51 Client1
60 Incr 2 8.377 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:52 Client1
61 Incr 1 0 OK 19-Aug-09 16:53 Client1
62 Incr 2 8.344 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:53 Client1
63 Incr 2 8.377 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:54 Client1
64 3 77.44 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:57 RestoreFiles
65 1 0 OK 19-Aug-09 16:58 RestoreFiles
66 2 38.77 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:59 RestoreFiles
67 Full 25 145.5 M OK 21-Aug-09 13:41 Client1

这里可以看到，JobId为67的备份是一个完全备份，备份数据的文件数为25个，备份压缩后的大小为145.5MB，备份完成在“21-Aug-09 13:41”，最后的Client1是备份资源的名称。

二、实例演示bacula的增量备份功能

在上面的操作中，设定的备份资源Job本身就是一个增量备份，下面执行的备份操作与上面完全相同，不同的是，这里是第二次备份，bacula会按照设定执行增量备份，操作如下代码清单如下所示。  执行增量备份

* run
Automatically selected Catalog: MyCatalog
Using Catalog "MyCatalog"
A job name must be specified.
The defined Job resources are:
1: Client1
2: Client
3: BackupCatalog
4: RestoreFiles
Select Job resource (1-2): 1
Run Backup job
JobName: Client1
Level: Incremental
Client: dbfd
FileSet: dbfs
Pool: dbpool (From Job resource)
Storage: dbsd (From Job resource)
When: 2009-08-21 14:20:24
Priority: 10
OK to run? (yes/mod/no): yes
Job queued. JobId=68
*status 
Status available for:
1: Director
2: Storage
3: Client
4: All
Select daemon type for status (1-4): 1
f10-64-build-dir Version: 3.0.2 (18 July 2009) x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu redhat
Daemon started 21-Aug-09 13:22, 2 Jobs run since started.
Heap: heap=241,664 smbytes=84,576 max_bytes=97,749 bufs=218 max_bufs=252

Scheduled Jobs:
Level Type Pri Scheduled Name Volume
===============================================================================
Incremental Backup 10 21-Aug-09 23:05 Client1 cicro4

Running Jobs:
Console connected at 21-Aug-09 14:19
No Jobs running.

Terminated Jobs:
JobId Level Files Bytes Status Finished Name
====================================================================
59 Incr 2 3.908 M OK 19-Aug-09 16:51 Client1
60 Incr 2 8.377 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:52 Client1
61 Incr 1 0 OK 19-Aug-09 16:53 Client1
62 Incr 2 8.344 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:53 Client1
63 Incr 2 8.377 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:54 Client1
64 3 77.44 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:57 RestoreFiles
65 1 0 OK 19-Aug-09 16:58 RestoreFiles
66 2 38.77 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:59 RestoreFiles
67 Full 25 145.5 M OK 21-Aug-09 13:41 Client1
68 Incr 2 3.908 M OK 21-Aug-09 14:20 Client1

从最后的备份列表可以看出，系统进行了增量备份，“3.908 M”就是上次备份与这次备份之间的数据增加量。而JobId =68这个备份的Level级别为Incr也说明了此次备份为增量备份。

三、实例演示bacula的差异备份功能

差异备份与增量备份的原理，前面已经介绍过了，这里只给出具体的操作步骤。

1．开始执行备份

*run
Automatically selected Catalog: MyCatalog
Using Catalog "MyCatalog"
A job name must be specified.
The defined Job resources are:
1: Client1
2: Client
3: BackupCatalog
4: RestoreFiles
Select Job resource (1-4): 2 #这里有两个Job任务可选，名为Client1的为增量
#备份操作，名为Client的为差异备份操作
Run Backup job
JobName: Client
Level: Differential
Client: dbfd
FileSet: dbfs
Pool: dbpool (From Job resource)
Storage: dbsd (From Job resource)
When: 2009-08-21 14:31:04
Priority: 10
OK to run? (yes/mod/no): yes
Job queued. JobId=69
You have messages.

至此，开始执行差异备份，如果备份的数据量较大，可能需要一段时间才能完成备份。下面可以用“status”指令查看备份的状态。

2．查看备份状态

*status
Status available for:
1: Director
2: Storage
3: Client
4: All
Select daemon type for status (1-4): 1
f10-64-build-dir Version: 3.0.2 (18 July 2009) x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu redhat
Daemon started 21-Aug-09 14:30, 0 Jobs run since started.
Heap: heap=253,952 smbytes=67,810 max_bytes=68,066 bufs=267 max_bufs=272

Scheduled Jobs:
Level Type Pri Scheduled Name Volume
===========================================================================
Incremental Backup 10 21-Aug-09 23:05 Client1 cicro4
Incremental Backup 10 21-Aug-09 23:05 Client cicro4
Incremental Backup 10 21-Aug-09 23:05 BackupCatalog cicro4

Running Jobs:
Console connected at 21-Aug-09 14:30
JobId Level Name Status
======================================================================
69 Full Client.2009-08-21_14.31.10_03 is running
Terminated Jobs:
JobId Level Files Bytes Status Finished Name
====================================================================
59 Incr 2 3.908 M OK 19-Aug-09 16:51 Client1
60 Incr 2 8.377 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:52 Client1
61 Incr 1 0 OK 19-Aug-09 16:53 Client1
62 Incr 2 8.344 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:53 Client1
63 Incr 2 8.377 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:54 Client1
64 3 77.44 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:57 RestoreFiles
65 1 0 OK 19-Aug-09 16:58 RestoreFiles
66 2 38.77 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:59 RestoreFiles
67 Full 25 145.5 M OK 21-Aug-09 13:41 Client1
68 Incr 2 3.908 M OK 21-Aug-09 14:20 Client1

从上面可以看到，备份还没有完成，备份状态为running。等待几分钟，再次查看备份状态如下：

* status
Status available for:
1: Director
2: Storage
3: Client
4: All
Select daemon type for status (1-4): 1
f10-64-build-dir Version: 3.0.2 (18 July 2009) x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu redhat
Daemon started 21-Aug-09 14:30, 1 Job run since started.
Heap: heap=253,952 smbytes=65,680 max_bytes=78,853 bufs=240 max_bufs=274

Scheduled Jobs:
Level Type Pri Scheduled Name Volume
==========================================================================
Incremental Backup 10 21-Aug-09 23:05 Client1 cicro4
Incremental Backup 10 21-Aug-09 23:05 Client cicro4
Incremental Backup 10 21-Aug-09 23:05 BackupCatalog cicro4

Running Jobs:
Console connected at 21-Aug-09 14:30
No Jobs running.

Terminated Jobs:
JobId Level Files Bytes Status Finished Name
====================================================================
60 Incr 2 8.377 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:52 Client1
61 Incr 1 0 OK 19-Aug-09 16:53 Client1
62 Incr 2 8.344 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:53 Client1
63 Incr 2 8.377 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:54 Client1
64 3 77.44 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:57 RestoreFiles
65 1 0 OK 19-Aug-09 16:58 RestoreFiles
66 2 38.77 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:59 RestoreFiles
67 Full 25 145.5 M OK 21-Aug-09 13:41 Client1
68 Incr 2 3.908 M OK 21-Aug-09 14:20 Client1
69 Full 26 149.4 M OK 21-Aug-09 14:32 Client

从这里可以看到，JobId为69的备份已经完成，并且是一个完全备份，备份文件大小为149.4MB，而完成此差异备份的Job任务名称是Client。

3．继续执行备份操作

在执行下面的操作前，首先在客户端FD需要备份的文件夹下（根据前面的配置可知，应该是/cws3）增加一个大小为3.8MB左右的文件。

* run
A job name must be specified.
The defined Job resources are:
1: Client1
2: Client
3: BackupCatalog
4: RestoreFiles
Select Job resource (1-4): 2
Run Backup job
JobName: Client
Level: Differential
Client: dbfd
FileSet: dbfs
Pool: dbpool (From Job resource)
Storage: dbsd (From Job resource)
When: 2009-08-21 14:34:25
Priority: 10
OK to run? (yes/mod/no): yes
Job queued. JobId=70
*status
Status available for:
1: Director
2: Storage
3: Client
4: All
Select daemon type for status (1-4): 1
f10-64-build-dir Version: 3.0.2 (18 July 2009) x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu redhat
Daemon started 21-Aug-09 14:30, 2 Jobs run since started.
Heap: heap=253,952 smbytes=67,989 max_bytes=81,162 bufs=240 max_bufs=274

Scheduled Jobs:
Level Type Pri Scheduled Name Volume
===========================================================================
Incremental Backup 10 21-Aug-09 23:05 Client1 cicro4
Incremental Backup 10 21-Aug-09 23:05 Client cicro4
Incremental Backup 10 21-Aug-09 23:05 BackupCatalog cicro4

Running Jobs:
Console connected at 21-Aug-09 14:30
No Jobs running.

Terminated Jobs:
JobId Level Files Bytes Status Finished Name
====================================================================
61 Incr 1 0 OK 19-Aug-09 16:53 Client1
62 Incr 2 8.344 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:53 Client1
63 Incr 2 8.377 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:54 Client1
64 3 77.44 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:57 RestoreFiles
65 1 0 OK 19-Aug-09 16:58 RestoreFiles
66 2 38.77 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:59 RestoreFiles
67 Full 25 145.5 M OK 21-Aug-09 13:41 Client1
68 Incr 2 3.908 M OK 21-Aug-09 14:20 Client1
69 Full 26 149.4 M OK 21-Aug-09 14:32 Client
70 diff 2 3.908 M OK 21-Aug-09 14:34 Client

从JobId为70的备份信息可以看出，此备份为差异增量备份，此次进行差异备份的数据量大小刚好为3.908 MB，与前面增加的文件大小基本相同。 为了证明是前面执行的是差异增量备份，在FD端需要备份的文件夹下再次增加一个大小为3.8MB左右的一个文件，继续执行以下备份操作：

*run
A job name must be specified.
The defined Job resources are:
1: Client1
2: Client 
3: BackupCatalog
4: RestoreFiles
Select Job resource (1-4): 2
Run Backup job
JobName: Client
Level: Differential
Client: dbfd
FileSet: dbfs
Pool: dbpool (From Job resource)
Storage: dbsd (From Job resource)
When: 2009-08-21 14:34:59
Priority: 10
OK to run? (yes/mod/no): yes
Job queued. JobId=71
*status
Status available for:
1: Director
2: Storage
3: Client
4: All
Select daemon type for status (1-4): 1
f10-64-build-dir Version: 3.0.2 (18 July 2009) x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu redhat
Daemon started 21-Aug-09 14:30, 3 Jobs run since started.
Heap: heap=253,952 smbytes=69,087 max_bytes=82,260 bufs=240 max_bufs=274

Scheduled Jobs:
Level Type Pri Scheduled Name Volume
===========================================================================
Incremental Backup 10 21-Aug-09 23:05 Client1 cicro4
Incremental Backup 10 21-Aug-09 23:05 Client cicro4
Incremental Backup 10 21-Aug-09 23:05 BackupCatalog cicro4

Running Jobs:
Console connected at 21-Aug-09 14:30
No Jobs running.

Terminated Jobs:
JobId Level Files Bytes Status Finished Name
====================================================================
62 Incr 2 8.344 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:53 Client1
63 Incr 2 8.377 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:54 Client1
64 3 77.44 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:57 RestoreFiles
65 1 0 OK 19-Aug-09 16:58 RestoreFiles
66 2 38.77 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:59 RestoreFiles
67 Full 25 145.5 M OK 21-Aug-09 13:41 Client1
68 Incr 2 3.908 M OK 21-Aug-09 14:20 Client1
69 Full 26 149.4 M OK 21-Aug-09 14:32 Client
70 Diff 2 3.908 M OK 21-Aug-09 14:34 Client
71 Diff 3 7.817 M OK 21-Aug-09 14:35 Client

由JobId为71的备份可以看出，此次备份的大小为7.817 M，刚好是上次差异增量备份的大小与此次增加文件的大小之和，由此证明确实为差异备份。 第三次在FD端需要备份的文件夹下增加一个大小为3.8M左右的一个文件，继续执行备份操作：

*run
A job name must be specified.
The defined Job resources are:
1: Client1
2: Client
3: BackupCatalog
4: RestoreFiles
Select Job resource (1-4): 2
Run Backup job
JobName: Client
Level: Differential
Client: dbfd
FileSet: dbfs
Pool: dbpool (From Job resource)
Storage: dbsd (From Job resource)
When: 2009-08-21 14:35:32
Priority: 10
OK to run? (yes/mod/no): yes
Job queued. JobId=72
*status
Status available for:
1: Director
2: Storage
3: Client
4: All
Select daemon type for status (1-4): 1
f10-64-build-dir Version: 3.0.2 (18 July 2009) x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu redhat
Daemon started 21-Aug-09 14:30, 4 Jobs run since started.
Heap: heap=253,952 smbytes=69,087 max_bytes=82,260 bufs=240 max_bufs=274

Scheduled Jobs:
Level Type Pri Scheduled Name Volume
===========================================================================
Incremental Backup 10 21-Aug-09 23:05 Client1 cicro4
Incremental Backup 10 21-Aug-09 23:05 Client cicro4
Incremental Backup 10 21-Aug-09 23:05 BackupCatalog cicro4

Running Jobs:
Console connected at 21-Aug-09 14:30
No Jobs running.

Terminated Jobs:
JobId Level Files Bytes Status Finished Name
====================================================================
63 Incr 2 8.377 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:54 Client1
64 3 77.44 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:57 RestoreFiles
65 1 0 OK 19-Aug-09 16:58 RestoreFiles
66 2 38.77 K OK 19-Aug-09 16:59 RestoreFiles
67 Full 25 145.5 M OK 21-Aug-09 13:41 Client1
68 Incr 2 3.908 M OK 21-Aug-09 14:20 Client1
69 Full 26 149.4 M OK 21-Aug-09 14:32 Client
70 Diff 2 3.908 M OK 21-Aug-09 14:34 Client
71 Diff 3 7.817 M OK 21-Aug-09 14:35 Client
72 Diff 4 11.72 M OK 21-Aug-09 14:35 Client

第三次执行备份，从JobId为72的备份可以很清楚地看出差异备份与增量备份的差别。

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