Ansible-playbook 基本语法与实例(学习笔记十九)，

文章由LinuxBoy分享于2019-04-04 02:04:38热评（544）

Ansible-playbook 基本语法与实例(学习笔记十九)，

1、安装apache，做初始配置，并启动服务：

这个是你选择的主机

hosts: webservers

这个是变量

vars:

http_port: 80

max_clients: 200

远端的执行权限

remote_user: root

tasks:

利用yum模块来操作

name: ensure apache is at the latest version

yum: pkg=httpd state=latest
name: write the apache config file

template: src=/srv/httpd.j2 dest=/etc/httpd.conf

触发重启服务器

notify:

- restart apache

name: ensure apache is running

service: name=httpd state=started

这里的restart apache 和上面的触发是配对的。这就是handlers的作用。相当于tag

handlers:

- name: restart apache

  service: name=httpd state=restarted

2、可以同时使用10个进程进行，调用格式为：
ansible-playbook test.yml -f 10

3、对于没有把握执行的任务，需要加上 ignore_errors: True，这样即使出错，下一个任务也会继续执行

4、ansible-playbook可以根据上一个任务的执行结果，来判断执行下一个任务，系统参数为when:
tasks:

shell: /usr/bin/foo

register: foo_result

ignore_errors: True
name: "cmd"

action: command touch /root/kkkkk

when: foo_result.rc == 127

5、根据操作系统类型，执行不同安装：

hosts: all
remote_user: root
gather_facts:True
tasks:
name: install apache on CentOS
yum: name=httpd state=present
when: ansible_os_family =="CentOS"
name: install apache on Debian
yum: name=apache2 state=present
when: ansible_os_family =="Debian"

6、notify和handlers来执行触发，handlers可多次调用：

name: template configuration file
template: src=template.j2 dest=/etc/foo.conf
notify:
- restart memcached
- restart apache
  handlers:
- name: restart memcached
  service: name=memcached state=restarted
- name: restart apache
  service: name=apache state=restarted

7、执行多个变量，每个变量为一次任务：
tasks:

name: panduan
command: echo {{ item }}
with_items: [ 0,2,4,6,8,10 ]

8、特定任务用特定用户执行：

hosts: webnodes
remote_user: mageedu
tasks:
- name: test connection
  ping:
  remote_user: mageedu
  sudo: yes

9、捕获执行中的错误，并进行补救：
tasks:

block:
- name: Create {{ maildir_path }}
  copy:
  src: "{{ maildir }}"
  dest: "{{ maildir_path }}"
  mode: 0755
  register: command_output
  rescue:
- name: Install mail packages
  yum:
  name: "{{ item }}"
  state: latest
  with_items:
  - "{{ mail_package }}"
  - dovecot
    always:
- name: start the mail service
  service:
  name: "{{ mail_service }}"
  state: restarted

10、对任务做tag标记，可以只执行某个tag，执行语法为：ansible-playbook -t TAGS_NAME playbook.yaml

hosts: all #所有远程主机
remote_user: root #以远程主机上root用户执行
tasks: #任务
- name: install redis #任务之安装
  yum: name=redis state=latest #动作调用yum模块安装
- name: copy config file #任务之复制同步配置文件到远程目标主机
  copy: src=/root/playbooks/redis.conf dest=/etc/redis.conf owner=redis #动作copy模块执行
  notify: restart redis #触发的动作
  tags: configfile #任务标记名configfile

11、从外部传入变量，ansible-playbook的格式为：ansible-playbook tomcat-install.yml --extra-vars "{'host':'192.168.11.111', 'tomcat_home':'/opt/tomcat-test', 'url':'http://www.apache.com/tomcat-7.0.57.tar.gz'}"

name: Tomcat install and configuration

hosts: "{{ host }}"

user: root

vars:

tomcat_home: "{{ tomcat_home }}"

tasks:

- name: absent old tomcat

  file: path={{ item }} state=absent

  with_items:

    - "{{ tomcat_home }}"

    - /geelyapp/auto_scripts/tomcat.sh

- name: get tomcat_tar_gz

  get_url: url={{ url }} dest=/tmp/tomcat.tar.gz

- name: Create the dir

  file: path={{ item }} state=directory

  with_items:

    - /geelyapp/gc_log

    - /geelyapp/auto_scripts

    - "{{ tomcat_home }}"

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